Module 1- Vocabulary Flashcards Preview

Linguistics 211 > Module 1- Vocabulary > Flashcards

Flashcards in Module 1- Vocabulary Deck (34)
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1
Q

Linguistic competence-

A

What we know when we know a language, the unconscious knowledge that a speaker has about her or his native language.

2
Q

Linguistic performance-

A

The observable use of language.

3
Q

Performance error-

A

Errors in language production or comprehension, including hesitations or slips of the tongue.

4
Q

Speech communication chain-

A

Process in which information is communicated, consisting of an information source, transmitter, signal, receiver and destination.

5
Q

Speech communication chain steps-

A

1.Think of what you want to communicate 2.Pick out words to express idea 3. Put words together in a certain order following rules. 4. Figure out how to pronounce these words. 5. Send those pronunciations to your vocal anatomy. 6. Speak. 7. Perceive: Listeners hear the sounds 8. Decode: Listener interprets sounds as language. 9. Connect: Listener receives communicated idea.

6
Q

Noise-

A

Interference in the communication chain.

7
Q

Lexicon-

A

Mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including form, meaning, morphological and synaptic properties.

8
Q

Mental grammar-

A

The mental representation of grammar; the knowledge that a speaker has about the linguistic units and rules of his native language.

9
Q

Language variation-

A

The property of languages having different ways to express the same meanings in different contexts according to factors such as geography, social class, and gender.

10
Q

Descriptive grammar-

A

Objective description of a speaker’s knowledge of a language based on their use of the language.

11
Q

Evidence that writing and language are not the same-

A
  1. Archaeological evidence 2. Writing must be taught 3. Writing can be edited 4. Neurolinguistic evidence
12
Q

Reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech-

A
  1. Writing can be edited 2. Writing must be taught 3. Writing is more physically stable
13
Q

Prescriptive grammar-

A

A set of rules designed to give instructions regarding the socially embedded notion of the “correct” or “proper” way to speak or write.

14
Q

Prescribe-

A

Use of rules and conventions to tell a speaker the way he should or shouldn’t use a language.

15
Q

Charles Hackett’s nine design features-

A
  1. Communication 2. Semanticity 3. Pragmatic function 4. Interchangeability 5. Cultural transmission 6. Arbitrariness 7. Discreteness 8. Displacement 9. Productivity
16
Q

Mode of communication-

A

Through which a message is transmitted for any given communication system.

17
Q

Semanticity-

A

Property of having signals that convey a meaning, shared by all communication systems.

18
Q

Pragmatic function-

A

The useful purpose of any given communication system.

19
Q

Interchangeability-

A

The property of a communication system by which all individuals have the ability to both transmit and review messages.

20
Q

Cultural transmission-

A

Property of a communication system referring to the fact that at least some aspects of it are learned through interaction with other users of the system.

21
Q

Arbitrariness-

A

Refers to the fact that word’s meaning is not predictable from its linguistic form, nor is its form dictated by its meaning.

22
Q

Linguistic sign-

A

The combination of a linguistic form and its meaning.

23
Q

Convention-

A

Something that is established, commonly agreed upon, or operating in a certain way according to common practice

24
Q

Nonarbitrariness-

A

Direct correspondence between the physical properties of a form and the meaning that the form refers to

25
Q

Iconic-

A

Describes a relationship between form and meaning such that the form of a word bears a resemblance to its meaning

26
Q

Onomatopoeia-

A

Iconic use of words that are imitative of sound occurring in nature or that have meaning that are associated with such sounds.

27
Q

Conventionalized-

A

The adjective to describe a convention in society.

28
Q

Sound symbolism-

A

Phenomenon by which certain sounds are evocative of a certain meaning

29
Q

Discreteness-

A

The property of communication systems by which complex messages may be built up out of smaller parts.

30
Q

Displacement-

A

The property of some communication systems that allows them to be used to communicate about things, actions, and ideas that are not present at the place or time of communication.

31
Q

Productivity-

A

The capacity of a communication system, unique to human language, for novel messages built out of discrete units to be produced and understood.

32
Q

Modality-

A

Mode of communication

33
Q

Myths about signed languages-

A
  1. derive from spoken languages, rather them being languages in there own right. 2. Sign languages are pantomime (manual codes) 3. Sign languages are the same all over the world.
34
Q

Differences about codes and languages-

A
  1. A code is an artificially constructed system for representing a natural language. 2. Signed language evolves naturally and independently of spoken languages. 3. Codes never have a native speaker and language does. 4. Signed languages are learned natively by both hearing and deaf people all over the world.