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Question 1

From the 1840s to the 1860s, Peru enjoyed a period of stability under the presidency of _____________, through increased state revenues from _____________ exports. However, by the _____________, these resources had been depleted, the country was heavily indebted, and political in-fighting was again on the rise.

Answer 1

Ramón Castilla
guano
1870s

Question 2

Peru after the 1870’s embarked on _____________ that helped but also bankrupted the country.

Answer 2

a railroad-building program

Question 3

In _____________, Peru entered the War of the Pacific which lasted until _____________

Answer 3

1879

1884

Question 4

How did the War of the Pacific started, what each party did ?

Answer 4

Bolivia invoked its alliance with Peru against Chile. The Peruvian Government tried to mediate the dispute by sending a diplomatic team to negotiate with the Chilean government, but the committee concluded that war was inevitable. Chile declared war on 5 April 1879

Question 5

What are Peru loses in the War of the Pacific ?

Answer 5

Almost five years of war ended with the loss of the department of Tarapacá and the provinces of Tacna and Arica, in the Atacama region

Question 6

Name outstanding military leaders throughout the war.

Answer 6

Two outstanding military leaders throughout the war were Francisco Bolognesi and Miguel Grau.

Question 7

Originally Chile committed to a referendum for the cities of _____________ and _____________ to be held years later, in order to self determine their national affiliation. However, Chile refused to apply the Treaty, and neither of the countries could determine the statutory framework.

Answer 7

Arica and Tacna

Question 8

What Peru did after the war and how political stability was achieved

Answer 8

After the War of the Pacific, an extraordinary effort of rebuilding began. The government started to initiate a number of social and economic reforms in order to recover from the damage of the war. Political stability was achieved only in the early 1900s.

Question 9

Internal struggles after the war were followed by a period of stability under the _________, which lasted until the onset of the authoritarian regime of _________

Answer 9

Civilista Party

Augusto B. Leguía.

Question 10

The Great Depression caused ________, ____________ and ___________. The rivalry between this organization and a coalition of the elite and the military defined Peruvian politics for the following three decades.

Answer 10

downfall of Leguía, renewed political turmoil, and the emergence of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA)

Question 11

A final peace treaty in_____, signed between Peru and Chile called the Treaty of Lima, ____________

Answer 11

1929

returned Tacna to Peru.

Question 12

Between _____and _______, Peru was engulfed in a year-long war with Colombia over a territorial dispute involving the _______ department and its capital _______.

Answer 12

1932 and 1933
Amazonas
Leticia

Question 13

Later, in _______, Peru became involved in the Ecuadorian-Peruvian War, after which the Rio Protocol sought to formalize the boundary between those two countries.

Answer 13

1941

Question 14

In a military coup on _______ , Gen. _______ became president. _______ presidency was known as the _______ . Momentarily pleasing the oligarchy and all others on the right, but followed a populist course that won him great favor with the poor and lower classes. A thriving economy allowed him to indulge in expensive but crowd-pleasing social policies. At the same time, however, civil rights were severely restricted and corruption was rampant throughout his régime.

Answer 14

1948
Odria
Ochenio

Question 15

_______ was succeeded by _______ . However, widespread allegations of fraud prompted the Peruvian military to depose Prado and install a military junta, led by ________

Answer 15

Ochenio
Ugarteche
Godoy

Question 16

_______ ran a short transitional government and held new elections in 1963, which were won by _______ who assumed presidency until 1968. _______ was recognized for his commitment to the democratic process. In 1968, the Armed Forces, led by General _______, staged a coup against _______. _______ regime undertook radical reforms aimed at fostering development, but failed to gain widespread support. In 1975, General _______ forcefully replaced _______, paralyzed reforms, and oversaw the reestablishment of democracy.

Answer 16

Godoy ran a short transitional government and held new elections in 1963, which were won by Belaúnde who assumed presidency until 1968. Belaúnde was recognized for his commitment to the democratic process. In 1968, the Armed Forces, led by General Alvarado, staged a coup against Belaúnde. Alvarado’s regime undertook radical reforms aimed at fostering development, but failed to gain widespread support. In 1975, General Bermúdez forcefully replaced Velasco, paralyzed reforms, and oversaw the reestablishment of democracy.

Question 17

Peru engaged in a brief successful conflict with Ecuador in the _______ as a result of territorial dispute between the two countries.

Answer 17

Paquisha War

Question 18

After the country experienced chronic inflation, the Peruvian currency, the sol, was replaced by the _______ in mid-1985, which itself was replaced by the nuevo sol in July 1991, at which time the new sol had a cumulative value of one billion old soles. The per capita annual income of Peruvians fell to _______ (below the level of 1960) and Peru’s GDP dropped 20% at which national reserves were a negative _______.

Answer 18

Inti
$720
$900 million

Question 19

Fujimori implemented drastic measures that caused inflation to drop from______% in 1990 to ____% in____. Faced with opposition to his reform efforts, Fujimori dissolved Congress in the auto-golpe (“self-coup”) in _______. He then revised the constitution; called new congressional elections; and implemented substantial economic reform, including:______________and __________ and sound management of the economy.

Answer 19

7,650% to 139% in 1991.
5 April 1992
privatization of numerous state-owned companies, creation of an investment-friendly climate,

Question 20

The economic turbulence of the time acerbated social tensions in Peru and partly contributed to the rise of violent rebel rural insurgent movements, like ________ and _______, which caused great havoc throughout the country. Alberto Fujimori assumed presidency in _______

Answer 20

Shining Path and MRTA

1990

Question 21

Fujimori’s administration was dogged by insurgent groups, most notably the Sendero Luminoso, who carried out terrorist campaigns across the country throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Fujimori cracked down on the insurgents and was successful in largely quelling them by the late 1990s, but the fight was marred by atrocities committed by both the Peruvian security forces and the insurgents: the _______ and _______ by Government paramilitary groups, and the bombings of _______ and _______ by Sendero Luminoso.

Answer 21

Barrios Altos massacre and La Cantuta massacre by Government paramilitary groups, and the bombings of Tarata and Frecuencia Latina by Sendero Luminoso

Question 22

During early 1995, once again Peru and Ecuador clashed in the _______, but in 1998 the governments of both nations signed a peace treaty that clearly demarcated the international boundary between them. In _______ , Fujimori resigned from office and went into a self-imposed exile, avoiding prosecution for human rights violations and corruption charges by the new Peruvian authorities.

Answer 22

Cenepa War

November 2000

Question 23

A caretaker government presided over by _______________ took on the responsibility of conducting new presidential and congressional elections. _______________ became president in 2001.

Answer 23

Paniagua

Toledo

Question 24

On 28 July 2006 former president _______________ became President of Peru after winning the 2006 elections. In May 2008, Peru became a member of the Union of South American Nations.

Answer 24

García

Question 25

On 5 June 2011, _______________ was elected President.

Answer 25

Humala