01_Research&Assessment_STATISTICS Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is Regression Analysis?
A statistic that provides an estimate of one variable based upon other variables
How do you calculate what the population size is predicted to be in 6 months?
Data:
Current population = 3000
Monthly births = 400
Monthly deaths = 150
- Calculate birth rate (400/3000 = 0.13333)
- Calculate death rate (150/3000 = 0.05)
- Calculate the overall rate of change by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate (0.13333-0.05 = 0.083)
- Calculate the change in population over time
~(3,000 *1.0833 = 3,249.9) Month 1
~(3,249.9 *1.0833 = 3520.6) Month 2
~(3520.6 *1.0833 = 3813.9) Month 3
~(3813.9 *1.0833 = 4131.6) Month 4
~(4131.6 *1.0833 = 4475.7) Month 5
~(4475.7 *1.0833 = 4848.6 ) Month 6 - Round up to 5000
What is Regression Analysis?
Analysis of the relationship between two variables
What is the difference between the lowest and highest score on an exam?
Range
What is the Coefficient of Correlation?
Measures the degree to which two variables are related
What is the Cohort Survival Projection Method?
-method for forecasting future population based upon the survival of the existing population and the births that will occur.
-typically it involves five-year increments
What is correlation?
-strength of a “linear” relationship
-very similar (but not identical) to the slope of a regression between the two variables
-“strong” correlation would be a value close to either +1 or -1
-“weak” correlation would be a value close to 0.
Between 1960 and 2010, nationally marriage rates have
Declined from 72 percent to 51 percent
What is the Cohort Survival Projection Method?
-method for forecasting future population based upon the survival of the existing population and the births that will occur.
-typically it involves five-year increments
In data analysis, what is oversampling?
-Overrepresenting certain historically underrepresented populations in data collection
-Goal: achieving representative results.
What is the primacy effect?
-tendency to choose earlier answers in a list of elaborated options
(When provided with a list of responses in a closed-ended survey question, respondents are more likely to choose earlier options)
What is Recall Bias?
-occurs when interviewees present incorrect accounts or inaccurate data due to shortcomings of their own memory.
-could easily happen in an interview setting
What is Survivorship Bias?
when a visible successful subgroup is mistaken as the entire group.
What is Loss Aversion?
cognitive bias that describes why the pain of losing is psychologically twice as powerful as the pleasure of gaining
What is Selection Bias?
occurs when individuals or groups in a study differ systematically from the population of interest
What is stratified random sampling?
-division of a population into smaller subgroups known as strata.
-strata are formed based on members’ shared attributes or characteristics, such as income or educational attainment
What is cluster sampling?
-Probability sampling method
-Divide a population into clusters, such as districts or schools
-Then randomly select some of these clusters as your sample.
(clusters should each be mini-representations of the population as a whole)
What is systematic random sampling?
-probability sampling method
-random sample, with a fixed periodic interval, is selected from a larger population
-e.g. every third person is sampled
What is Symptomatic Population Estimating?
using local data such as utility connections or building permits to estimate the current population.
What is Translational Research?
aims to make findings from basic science useful for practical applications
If you had information on the age distribution of the population over time, which population projection method should you use?
Cohort Survival
Why should you select a random sample from a large population?
To provide an approximation of the characteristics of the population
An analysis of the relationship between one or more variables to determine if the factors impact the dependent variable is called:
Regression analysis
What are the top five U.S. Census Bureau household surveys?
American Community Survey
American Household Survey
Current Population Survey
National Health Interview Survey
National Crime Victimization Survey
