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Cardiology > 02.09 Diagnostic Radiology of the Coronary Arteries and Congenital Heart Disroders > Flashcards

02.09 Diagnostic Radiology of the Coronary Arteries and Congenital Heart Disroders Flashcards

1
Q

Normal CR ratio in adults

A

0.5 or less

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2
Q

Normal CR ratio in newborns

A

0.65 or less

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3
Q

Enlargement of the right atrial shadow

Right atrial convexity is more than 50% of the cardiovascular height

A

Right atrial enlargement

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4
Q

RV enlargement is better assessed in what view

A

Lateral view

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5
Q

Signs of LA enlargement in PA view

A

Widened carinal angle
Double density sign
Superior displacement of the left mainstem bronchus

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6
Q

Bulging in the retro-cardiac space

Upper posterior bump

A

LA enlargement in lateral view

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7
Q

Most common heart chamber enlargement

A

LV enlargement

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8
Q

In PA view, apex is displaced downwards while in lateral view, there is an obliteration of retro-cardiac space

A

LV enlargement

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9
Q

Positive Hoffman-Rigler sign (>1.8 cm)

A

LV enlargement

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10
Q

Standard diagnosis of coronary artery disease

A

Conventional coronary angiography

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11
Q

Test that uses treadmill bicycle exercise with ECG and blood pressure monitoring

A

Exercise stress test

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12
Q

Test that uses US imaging to show how well the heart muscle is working during stress

A

Stress echo

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13
Q

A nuclear medical examination of the heart muscle wherein the accumulation of the radioactively labeled substance is monitored with the blood flow

A

Stress nuclear scintigraphy

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14
Q

A test wherein gadolinium is injected into a vein while the patient is resting and again after the patient receives a medication that dilate arteries; the scanner then takes pictures of the gadolinium dye as it passes through the heart musclle

A

Stress MRI

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15
Q

A procedure that uses x-rays and contrast material to see how blood flows through the arteries of the heart

A

Coronary angiography

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16
Q

Most posterior of the chambers

A

LA

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17
Q

Median chambers

A

RA, LV

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18
Q

Most anterior of the chambers

A

RV

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19
Q

Technique used to locate the coronary arteries

A

Ring and loop technique

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20
Q

Separates the atria from the ventricles

Represents the AV groove

A

Ring

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21
Q

Divides the left and right ventricles

Represent the interventricular groove

A

Loop

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22
Q

Occupies the right AV groove and posterior IV groove

A

Right coronary artery

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23
Q

Occupies the left anterior IV sulcus

A

Left anterior descending artery

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24
Q

Occupies the left AV groove

A

Left circumflex artery

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25
Q

Aka sinus of valsalva

Widened portion of the aorta

A

Aortic sinus

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26
Q

From where the right coronary artery rsies

A

Right coronary cusp

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27
Q

From where the left main coronary artery arises

A

Left coronary cusp

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28
Q

Does not give off any coronary arteries

A

Non-coronary cusp

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29
Q

Branch that goes right into the myocardium along the anterolateral wall

A

Diagonals of LAD

30
Q

Branch that perforates into the septum

A

Septal perforators of LAD

31
Q

Sometimes called left intermediate artery, ramus medianus or arteries intermedia

A

Ramus intermedius

32
Q

Only branch of LCX

A

Obtuse marginal

33
Q

Supplies the pulmonary conus or right ventricular outflow track

A

Conus branch of RCA

34
Q

Supplies the SA node located at the junction of the posterior wall of SVC and right atrium

A

Sinoatrial node branch of RCA

35
Q

Supplies the acute margin of the heart or the anterior wall of the right ventricle

A

Acute marginal branches of RCA

36
Q

Goes through the posterior IV groove

A

PDA

37
Q

Supplies the undersurface of the heart, goes through the cardiac groove or crux from the AV node branch

A

Posterolateral ventricular branch

38
Q

Supplies the AV node located near the crux

A

AV node branch

39
Q

PDA and PLV arise from the RCA

A

Right dominant

40
Q

PDA and PLV arise from the LCX

A

Left dominant

41
Q

If the RCA gives off the PDA, and the left main coronary artery gives off the PLV

A

Co-dominant

42
Q

Blood vessels are imaged after opacification by contrast medium
Measures pressure in the heart chambers

A

Conventional angiography

43
Q

Used to evaluate if there is narrowing or a blockage in coronary arteries

A

CT angiography

44
Q

Can be used to assess wall motion

Affected by dominance

A

Cardiac MRI

45
Q

Supplies the anteroseptal and anterior of LV

A

LAD

46
Q

Supplies inferior and inferoseptal wall of LV

A

RCA

47
Q

Supplies anterolateral and inferolateral wall of LV

A

LCX

48
Q

Method of examining the heart to obtain information about the blood supply to the heart muscle

A

Thallium scan

49
Q 
Increased pulmonary vascular markings
Enlarged heart with right sided prominence
Diminutive aorta
Dilated main pulmonary arteries
Can be asymptomatic
A

ASD

50
Q

Increased pulmonary vascular markings
Enlarged heart with LV or biventricular prominence
Aorta is unremarkable or normal in size because there is no excess blood going to the aorta
Symptomatic (blue babies)
Dilated RV

A

VSD

51
Q

Defect in both septa of the atrium and the ventricle

1 solid valve with 5-6 cusps

A

AV canal defect

52
Q

Increased pulmonary vascular markings
Enlarged heart with biventricular prominence
Aorta is prominent
Machinery-like murmur

A

PDA

53
Q

Normal vascularity
Cardiomegaly with left ventricular prominence
Figure of “3” sign
Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

54
Q

Decreased pulmonary vascular markings
Normal or enlarged heart with right ventricular prominence
Pulmonary arteries are small
Aorta can be prominent (right-sided aortic arch)

A

ROF

55
Q

Determines the degree of severity of TOF

A

Pulmonary artery stenosis

56
Q

Boot-shaped heart

Concave pulmonary artery, uplifted heart

A

TOF

57
Q

Increased vascularity
Cardiomegaly
Narrow vascular pedicle (egg on its side, apple on a stem)

A

TGA

58
Q

Decreased vascularity
Cardiomegaly with bi-atrial and left ventricular prominence
Concave pulmonary artery segment

A

Tricuspid atreia

59
Q

Increased vascularity
Cardiomegaly with either or both ventricular and left atrail prominence
Pulmonary venous congestion or edema (type I)
Concave main pulmonary artery
Wide mediastinum
Right sided aortic arch

A

PTA

60
Q

Main pulmonary artery comes from the back of the trunk

A

PTA type I

61
Q

No main PA but R and L pulmonary arteries come from the back of the trunk

A

PTA type II

62
Q

R and L pulmonary arteries come from the side of the trunk

A

PTA types III

63
Q

Decreased vascularity
Marked cardiomegaly
Right atrial prominence
Balloon-shaped or box-shaped heart

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

64
Q

Increased vascularity
Cardiomegaly with right atrial and right ventricular prominence
Enlarged systemic veins (SCV and IVC)

A

TAPVR

65
Q

Persistent left-sided vertical vein connects pulmonary venous confluence to the left innominate vein, right SVC or azygos vein

A

TAPVR Type I (Supra)

66
Q

Snowman apperance

A

TAPVR Type I (Supra)

67
Q

Connections to the right atrium or coronary sinus
Similar to ASD
Most common type of TAPVR

A

TAPVR Type II (Intra/Cardiac)

68
Q

Connection is below the diaphragm, to the portal vein, ductus venosus, or hepatic vein
Pulmonary edema
Normal sized heart
Prominence of the right atrium and less often the right ventricle

A

TAPVR Type III (Infra)

69
Q

Scimitar sign

A

TAPVR Type III (Infra)

70
Q

Various connections to the right side of the heart

A

TAPVR Mixed type

Cardiology (13 decks)

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