04 Behavioral Assessment / 04.05 ABC Narrative Data, Scatter Plots

Question 1

Entries in the cells of a scatter plot may indicate
conditions under which the target behavior occurs.
frequency of occurrence of the target behavior.
a lag sequence analysis.
(all of the others)

Answer 1

frequency of occurrence of the target behavior.
Occurrences of behavior in the cells of a scatter plot can be indicated in a variety of ways, including frequency, the duration of the behavior during the interval, and occurrence or non-occurrence depending on how often it occurred during the interval (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, pp. 248-250; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).
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Question 2

Scatter plots potentially yield a correlation between behaviors and
medical conditions.
their intensities.
individuals who are present in the environment at predictable times.
(all of the others)

Answer 2

individuals who are present in the environment at predictable times.

A scatter plot may yield relations between a behavior and events associated with a particular time of day (Iwata et al, 2000, p. 76; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 3

A scatter plot may identify an association between a behavior and which of the following:
presence of experimental conditions.
social setting that tends to occur at a certain time of day.
control by a peer who is always present.
(all of the others)

Answer 3

social setting that tends to occur at a certain time of day.

A scatter plot is a grid upon which time of day, session, period, etc. is indicated along one ordinate and the day or date is indicated along the other ordinate. Occurrences of the behavior are recorded in each of the cells that make up the grid. This results in a graphical illustration of the times of day in which the behavior is most likely to occur. Further assessment efforts would then focus on those times (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, pp. 248-250; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 4

Entries in the cells of a scatter plot indicate
a lag sequence analysis.
frequency of occurrence of the particular conditions.
conditions under which the target behavior occurs.
occurrence(s) of the target behavior.

Answer 4

occurrence(s) of the target behavior.

A scatter plot is a grid upon which time of day, session, period, etc. is indicated along one ordinate and the time, day, or date is indicated along the other ordinate. Occurrences of the behavior are recorded in each of the cells that make up the grid. This results in a graphical illustration of the times of day in which the behavior is most likely to occur. Further assessment efforts would then focus on those times (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, pp. 248-250; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 5

The baby's diaper is leaking and he begins crying. You immediately pick him up and take him to the diaper changing table to change his wet diaper, all within a few seconds. On the way, he starts smiling. What would you record as the ANTECEDENT to smiling?
	wet diaper only
	wet diaper and getting picked up
	getting picked up
	getting diaper changed

Answer 5

wet diaper and getting picked up

Question 6

A child sitting alone picks his arm until it bleeds. Nothing is happening. No one is there and he doesn't know you are observing. What would you record as the ANTECEDENT?
	no identifiable antecedent
	bleeding
	(none of the above)
	pain

Answer 6

no identifiable antecedent333

Question 7

Consider the following scatter plot: X ordinate = days of the month; Y ordinate = hours. Most cells are filled in a few adjacent ROWS. The behavior occurred
mostly during a few hours of the day.
mostly during a particular time of the month.
randomly across days of the month.
randomly across times of the day.

Answer 7

mostly during a few hours of the day.

Cells filled in a few adjacent rows indicate that the behavior(s) occurred during a few hours of the day over many days. Cells filled in a few columns indicate that the behavior occurred around certain days of the month. No pattern indicates unpredictability; hence the behavior occurred randomly across times of the day and days of the month (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, pp. 248-250; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 8

Scatter plots potentially yield a correlation between behaviors and
activities that regularly occur at the same time.
individuals who are present in the environment at predictable times.
times of the day.
(all of the others)

Answer 8

all of the others

A scatter plot is a grid upon which occurrences of behaviors are indicated as occurring not at all, a few times, or several times within intervals. A pattern of responding across days could yield a correlation between the behavior and the time of day, or certain activities or individuals associated with those times (Iwata et al, 2000, p. 76; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 9

A child sitting alone picks his arm until it bleeds. Nothing is happening. No one is there and he doesn't know you are observing. What would you record as the CONSEQUENCE?
	pain
	no identifiable antecedent
	no identifiable consequence
	bleeding

Answer 9

bleeding

Question 10

Consider the following scatter plot: X ordinate = days of the month; Y ordinate = hours. Most cells are filled in a few adjacent COLUMNS. The behavior occurred
mostly during a particular time of the month.
mostly during a few hours of the day
randomly across days of the month.
randomly across times of the day.

Answer 10

mostly during a particular time of the month.

Cells filled in a few adjacent rows indicate that the behavior(s) occurred during a few hours of the day over many days. Cells filled in a few columns indicate that the behavior occurred around a certain time of the month. No pattern indicates unpredictability; hence the behavior occurred randomly across times of the day and days of the month (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, pp. 248-250; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 11

A scatter plot analyzes the relationship between
an environmental variable and a condition.
time of day and a behavior.
time and the environment.
(all of the others)

Answer 11

time of day and a behavior.

A scatter plot is a grid upon which time of day, session, period, etc. is indicated along one ordinate and the day or date is indicated along the other ordinate. Occurrences of the behavior are recorded in each of the cells that make up the grid. This results in a graphical illustration of the times of day in which the behavior is most likely to occur. Further assessment efforts would then focus on those times (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, pp. 248-250; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 12

You put the baby down, walk to the next room, turn on the TV, and the baby starts crying, all within 10 seconds. Turn off the TV and the crying stops within a few seconds. What would you record as the CONSEQUENCE of crying?
turning on the TV
putting the baby down
turning off the TV
putting the baby down, walking to the next room, and turning on the TV

Answer 12

Turning off the TV followed the behavior.

Consequences are the result of behavior. Those that immediately follow the behavior are most likely to influence future occurrences of the behavior. In this example, turning off the TV was an immediate consequence. (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, p. 19; Miltenberger, 2001, p. 232; Michael, 1993; Neef & Peterson, 2007, pp. 506-509)

Question 13

Scatter plot row and column headings might be
scheduled environmental condition (e.g., homeroom, lunch, recess) by day of the week.
date by class period.
date by time of day.
(all of the others)

Answer 13

all othrs

A scatter plot is a grid upon which time of day, session, period, etc. is indicated along one ordinate and the time, day, or date is indicated along the other ordinate. Occurrences of the behavior are recorded in each of the cells that make up the grid. This results in a graphical illustration of the times of day in which the behavior is most likely to occur. Further assessment efforts would then focus on those times (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, pp. 248-250; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 14

A scatter plot is most likely to yield useful information if
the individual is in a routine with little change of activity throughout the day.
the problem behavior tends to be episodic, rather than occurring daily.
the individual is in a routine with different things scheduled throughout the day.
the problem behavior is associated more with consequences than with antecedents.

Answer 14

the individual is in a routine with different things scheduled throughout the day.

A regular routine with activities scheduled throughout the day will yield a pattern over several days if the behavior is associated with specific activities.

A scatter plot is a grid upon which occurrences of behaviors are indicated as occurring not at all, a few times, or several times within intervals. A pattern of responding across days could yield a correlation between the behavior and the certain activities or individuals associated with those times (Iwata et al, 2000, p. 76; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 15

A client with severe mental retardation is sitting alone when a peer enters the room with a spot of blood on his face from shaving. The sitting client then bangs her head. With a pained expression, she holds her head and looks at the peer. What would you record as the ANTECEDENT to head banging?
	peer enters room with blood on his face
	internal event
	no identifiable antecedent
	bleeding

Answer 15

peer enters room with blood on his face

Question 16

You put the baby down, walk to the next room, turn on the TV, and the baby starts crying, all within 10 seconds. Turn off the TV and the crying stops within a few seconds. What would you record as the ANTECEDENT to crying?
putting the baby down, walking to the next room, and turning on the TV
turning on the TV
turning off the TV
putting the baby down

Answer 16

putting the baby down, walking to the next room, and turning on the TV

Antecedents are changes that immediately precede the behavior–generally within approximately 10-20 seconds. In this example, several things occurred. They all may exert control over behavior. (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, p. 20; Miltenberger, 2001, pp. 120-128; Michael, 1993; Neef & Peterson, 2007, pp. 506-509)

Question 17

Consider the following scatter plot: X ordinate = days of the month; Y ordinate = hours. Most cells are filled in a RANDOM fashion. The behavior occurred
unpredictably with respect to time of the day or days of the month.
mostly during a particular time of the month.
mostly during a few hours of the day.
predictably with respect to time of the day or days of the month.

Answer 17

unpredictably with respect to time of the day or days of the month.

Cells filled in a few adjacent rows indicate that the behavior(s) occurred during a few hours of the day over many days. Cells filled in a few columns indicate that the behavior occurred around a certain time of the month. No pattern indicates unpredictability; hence the behavior occurred randomly across times of the day and days of the month (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, pp. 248-250; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 18

A scatter plot indicates no pattern. This provides tentative support for which function?
	automatic (sensory) reinforcement
	access to a favorite TV show
	escape from scheduled tasks
	attention from afternoon visitors

Answer 18

automatic

Automatic (sensory) reinforcement tends to be available most of the time. For example, the setting event for, say, hand flapping, is always present. It is not a function of a scheduled event. It may also be that demands, a lack of attention, and other EOs may be occurring randomly, thus accounting for the lack of a pattern. Whatever hypothesis emerges should be considered tentative until verified by other methods (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, pp. 248-250; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 19

In a scatter plot, an appropriate cell entry may be
a slash to indicate a duration less than 50% of the time and a filled in box to indicate greater than 50% of the time.
the exact number of occurrences.
a slash to indicate some occurrences and a filled in box to indicate many occurrences.
(all of the others)

Answer 19

all of the others

Occurrences of behavior in the cells of a scatter plot can be indicated in a variety of ways, including frequency, the duration of during the interval, and occurrence or non-occurrence depending on the total duration it occurred during the interval. A slash or fill-in of the cell also may be used (Alberto & Troutman, 2003, pp. 248-250; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 20

Entries in the cells of a scatter plot may indicate
frequency of occurrence of the particular conditions.
occurrence(s) of the target behavior.
time of day or time in which the behavior occurs.
conditions under which the target behavior occurs.

Answer 20

occurrence(s) of the target behavior.

A scatter plot is a grid upon which time of day, session, period, etc. is indicated along one ordinate and the time, day, or date is indicated along the other ordinate. Occurrences of the behavior are recorded in each of the cells that make up the grid. This results in a graphical illustration of the times of day in which the behavior is most likely to occur. Further assessment efforts would then be focused on those times (Alberto & Troutman, 1999, pp. 382-384; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 21

Entries in the cells of a scatter plot may indicate
frequency of occurrence of observations by the data collector.
conditions under which the target behavior occurs.
frequency of occurrence of the target behavior.
(all of the others)

Answer 21

frequency of occurrence of the target behavior.
Occurrences of behavior in the cells of a scatter plot can be indicated in a variety of ways, including frequency, the duration of the behavior during the interval, and occurrence or non-occurrence depending on how often it occurred during the interval (Alberto & Troutman, 1999, pp. 382-384; Neef & Peterson, 2007, p. 509).

Question 22

A scatter plot enables an analysis of behavior
	given certain activities.
	under controlled conditions.
	across times of the day.
	across random events.

Answer 22

across times of the day.