1 Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
word computer is derived from the word
A
compute
2
Q
information provided by the user to the
computer
A
data
3
Q
fast and accurate data processing system that accepts data,
performs various operations on the data, has the capability to store the data and produce the
results on the basis of detailed step by step instructions given to it
A
computer
4
Q
refers to the tangible component of a computer system
A
hardware
5
Q
the
machinery itself
A
hardware
6
Q
electronic Integrated Circuits (ICs), magnetic storage media and other mechanical devices like
input devices, output devices etc. are examples of
A
hardware
7
Q
the various types of hardware used in the computers, has evolved from _____ of
the first generation to _____ of the present generation
A
vacuum tubes, Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits
8
Q
refers to the intangible component of a computer system
A
software
9
Q
the one which controls the processing
activities of the computer
A
computer program
10
Q
a collection of programs
which utilize and enhance the capability of the hardware
A
software
11
Q
regarded as the most important element of the computer and
communication system
A
peopleware
12
Q
founding men and women behind
the innovations in the field of computing
A
Charles Babbage, Lady Ada Lovelace, Alan
Turing
13
Q
classifications of computers
A
- According to Size.
- According to Functionality.
- According to Types of Data Handling.
- According to Purpose
14
Q
classification on the basis of size
A
- super computers
- mainframe computers
- mini computers
- micro computers
15
Q
are the highest performing system
A
super computers
16
Q
computer with a high level of performance compared to a general-purpose computer
A
super computers
17
Q
used for intensive computation tasks in various fields
A
super computers
18
Q
have been essential in the
field of the cryptanalysis
A
super computer
19
Q
commonly called as big iron
A
mainframe computers
20
Q
used by big organizations
for bulk data processing
A
mainframe computers
21
Q
most of these mainframe architectures
were established in 1960s
A
mainframe computer
22
Q
these computers came into the market in mid 1960s
A
mini computer
23
Q
they were actually designed for control,
instrumentation, human interaction, and communication switching
A
mini computer
24
Q
they became very popular for personal uses with
evolution
A
mini computer
25
a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its CPU
microcomputer
26
formed the foundation for present day microcomputers and smart gadgets
that we use in day to day life
microcomputer
27
nothing but dedicated computers which are set-up to offer some
services to the clients
servers
28
designed to primarily to be used by single user at a time
workstation
29
the portable devices which are designed to perform a limited set of tasks
information appliances
30
have very limited memory and flexibility and generally
run on “as-is” basis
information appliances
31
the computing devices which are used in other machines to serve limited
set of requirements
embedded computer
32
classification on the basis of functionality
1. servers
2. workstation
3. informational appliances
4. embedded computers
33
classification on the types of data handling
1. analog computers
2. digital computers
3. hybrid computers
34
a form of computer that uses the continuously-changeable aspects of physical fact
analog computers
35
a computer that performs calculations and logical operations with quantities
represented as digits, usually in the binary number system of “0” and “1”
digital computer
36
computer
capable of solving problems by processing information expressed in discrete form
digital computer
37
a computer that processes both analog and digital data
hybrid computer
38
a
digital computer that accepts analog signals, converts them to digital and processes them
in digital form
hybrid computer
39
classification of computer according to purpose
1. general purpose computer
2. special purpose computer
40
computers that are utilized for ordinary work
general purpose computer
41
these computers are built for a particular task
special purpose computer
42
used for writing a letter with Word Processing, setting up a record, printing
reports, making a database, and so forth
general purpose computer
43
on the off chance that more than one CPU is required,
at that point, numerous computers are introduced on these computers
special purpose computer
44
capabilities of computer
1. speed
2. versatility
3. accuracy
4. reliability
5. storage
45
the amount of time taken by the computer in accomplishing a task of an
operation
speed
46
different computers are classified on the basis of their speed by
comparing their _______
MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second)
47
refers to the degree of correctness and exactness of operations performed
by a computer
accuracy
48
they are more likely to work repeatedly and efficiently
reliability
49
computers are capable of performing all levels of tasks- simple or complex
versatility
50
refers to the capacity of a computer to store data and programs
storage
51
limitations of a computer
1. Dependent on User Input
2. Cannot Decide on Their Own
3. No Feeling
4. Computers can’t Implement
52
computers cannot think and they can’t do any job unless they are first programmed
with specific instructions
Dependent on User Input
53
Computers are incapable of decision making as they do not possess the essential
elements necessary to take a decision
Cannot Decide on Their Own
54
computer cannot feel like us
No Feeling
55
only humans can decide and implement the policies.
Computers can’t Implement
56
18th century - China
Abacus
57
a frame with beads strung on
wires and rods and arithmetic
calculations are formed by
manipulating the beads
abacus
58
abacus is from what country
China
59
17th Century - Europe
Napier’s Logs
and Bones
60
simple device for multiplying
Napier’s Logs
and Bones
61
from what place is Napier’s Logs
and Bones
Europe
62
inventor of Napier’s Logs
and Bones
John Napier
63
17th Century - Europe
Oughtred’s Slide
Rule
64
inventor of Oughtred’s Slide
Rule
William Oughtred
65
from what country is Oughtred’s Slide
Rule
Europe
66
Consists of two movable ruler
placed side by side. Each ruler is
marked off in such a way that the
actual distance from the
beginning of the ruler are
proportional to the logarithms of
the number printed on the ruler.
Oughtred’s Slide
Rule
67
1642
- France
Calculator
68
from what country is calculator
France
69
inventor of calculaator
Wilhelm Von
Leibniz
70
capable of adding, subtracting,
multiplying, and dividing
numbers
calculator
71
19th Century
Difference
Engine
72
inventor of difference
engine
Charles Babbage
73
Calculate and print mathematical
tables
difference engine
74
1930
Differential
Analyzer
75
inventor of Differential
Analyzer
Dr. Vannevar
Bush
76
Used to calculate artillery
trajectories during World War II
Differential Analyzer
77
1896
- America
Punch Card
Machine
78
inventor of Punch Card
Machine
Herman Hollerith
79
place of Punch Card
Machine
America
80
Automatically read the
information that had been
punched into card, without
human intermediation
Punch Card
Machine
81
1897
- America
Automatic
Calculating
Machine
82
inventor of Automatic
Calculating
Machine
Howard Aiken
83
place of invention of Automatic
Calculating
Machine
America
84
Handled 23 decimal place
numbers and could perform all
four arithmetic operations. It has
built-in special programs, or
subroutines, to handle logarithms
and trigonometric functions
Automatic
Calculating
Machine
85
1943-1946
- America
Electronic
Numeric
Integrated and
Calculator
(ENIAC)
86
place of invention of Electronic
Numeric
Integrated and
Calculator (ENIAC)
America
87
inventor of Electronic
Numeric
Integrated and
Calculator
(ENIAC)
Presper Eckert
Jr. and
John Mauchly
88
The first large-scale vacuum tube
computer
Electronic
Numeric
Integrated and
Calculator
(ENIAC)
89
1946
EDVAC
90
inventor of EDVAC
John Von
Neumann
91
Modified version of the ENIAC
EDVAC
92
The use of vacuum tubes as a means of storing data in memory and the use of the
store program concept
First Generation (1946-1959)
93
year of first generation of computers
1946-1959
94
The use of transistors, diodes, and magnetic storage, built-in error detecting
device.
Second Generation (1959 – 1965)
95
year of second generation of computers
1959 – 1965
96
The use of integrated solid-state circuity improved secondary storage devices, and
new input/output devices were the most important advantages
Third Generation (1965 – 1971)
97
year of third generation of computers
1965 – 1971
98
IC was invented by _____ and ______ In 1958-1959
Robert
Noyce and Jack Kilby
99
a single component containing number of
transistors
IC
100
The development of the different areas in computer technology such as:
multiprocessing, multiprogramming, miniaturation, time-sharing, operating speed and virtual
storage. This technology is based on Microprocessor
Fourth Generation (1971 – 1980)
101
year of fifth generation of computers
1980 - onwards
102
used in computer for any logical and arithmetic function to be performed in any program
microprocessor
103
This generation is based on artificial intelligence
Fifth Generation (1980 – onwards)
104
year of fifth generation of computers
1980 - onwards
105
Fifth generation is based on ____ technology resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten
million electronic component
ULSI(Ultra Large Scale
Integration)
106
A binary number system having the value of the base ____
two
107
Octal number system is a base ______ number system
eight
108
The number system having the value of the base as ____ is called a decimal number
system
10
109
Hexadecimal number system is a based ____ number
16
110
a hexadecimal
number system has 16 digits—____— and _____
0 to 9,, A to F
111
MSB stands for _____
most significant bit
112
LSB stands for _______
least significant bit
113
A common syntax used to represent hexadecimal values (in code) is to place the
symbols ____ as a prefix to the value
0x
114
A second common syntax is to place a suffix of '___' onto a value, indicating that it is
hexadecimal
h
115
The direct method of subtraction uses the concept of ____
borrow
116
three ways in binary subtraction
▪ The direct method
▪ 2’s complement
▪ 1’s complement
117
used in digital computers for simplifying the subtraction operation
and for logical manipulations
complements
118
Computers and other digital circuits process data in ______
binary format
119
Decimal Digit Representation
1) Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
2) Unpacked Decimal Format (UDF)
3) Packed Decimal Format (PDF)
120
coding scheme relating decimal and binary numbers
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
121
how many bits required in BCD
4
122
also called zoned decimal format
Unpacked Decimal Format (UDF)
123
1100
positive
124
1101
negative
125
One 1 byte represents 2 digits of the decimal number
PDF
126
Binary Digit Representation
1. Signed Binary Numbers
2. Floating Point
127
Signed Binary Numbers
- Sign-magnitude Representation
- Absolute value representation
- Complement representation
128
is one bit representing the sign of the number
S
129
is an 8 bit biased integer representing the expo
E
130
is an unsigned integer
F
131
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
132
This code uses bit patterns of length of 7 to represent the upper and lower case
letters of the English alphabet, punctuations, the digits 0 through 9, and certain
control information such as line feeds, carriage returns, and tabs.
ASCII
133
often extended to 8 bits pattern
ASCII
134
ascii code for A-Z
65-90
135
ascii code for a-z
97-122
136
ascii code for 0-9
48-57
137
ascii code for space
32
138
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
139
An 8 bit code representation plus parity bit
EBCDIC
140
It was developed by IBM and introduced with their System 360 line
It was developed by IBM and introduced with their System 360 line
141
an extra bit added in a string of binary code to make the total of 1s either
odd or even
parity bit
142
two types of parity bit
even parity, odd parity
