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Sem 5 - The Nervous System > 1. Basic Topography of the Nervous System > Flashcards

1. Basic Topography of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system made up of?

A

Many neural networks

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2
Q

What is learning?

A

Increasing the strength of these neural connections

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3
Q

What is the cerebrum responsible for?

A

Higher cognitive functions

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4
Q

What is the cerebrum made up of (layers)?

A

Grey matter outside, then white matter, then grey matter.

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5
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Co-ordination and some cognitive functions

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6
Q

What are the 3 areas in the brainstem?

A

The midbrain, pons, and the medulla

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7
Q

What is the midbrain responsible for?

A

Eye movements, and the primitve aspects of hearing and vision

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8
Q

What is the pons responsible for?

A

Feeding, hearing and balance.

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9
Q

What is the medulla responsible for?

A

Autonomic function regulation

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10
Q

What layers of matter is the spinal cord made up of?

A

Grey matter on the outside with white matter inside.

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11
Q

Is the CNS sophisticated?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Is the PNS sophisticated?

A

Not generally

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13
Q

Which areas of the PNS are sophisticated?

A

The cardiac plexus, and the enteric nervous sytem

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14
Q

Can you get tumours in the CNS?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What kind of tumours can you get in the CNS?

A

Benign and Malignant

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16
Q

Can you get tumours in the PNS?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What kind of tumours can you get in the PNS?

A

Usually benign

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18
Q

What provides melination in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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19
Q

What provides melination in the PNS?

A

Schwann Cells

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20
Q

Can there be an immune response in the CNS?

A

Yes but it is dampened/mediated by microglia

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21
Q

Can there be an immune response in the PNS?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Why are CNS immune responses mediated by microglia?

A

To prevent inflammations and RICP

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23
Q

Does the PNS have lymohatic drainage?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What is the specialised lymphatic drainage of the CNS?

A

The Glymphatic system

25
Q

How does the glymphatic system work?

A

Bulk drainage, mostly at night

26
Q

Generally speaking, where do motor structures sit in the brain?

A

Anteriorly

27
Q

Generally speaking, where do sensory structures sit in the brain?

A

Posteriorly

28
Q

What is a crucial landmark on the human brain?

A

The central sulcus

29
Q

Where does the central sulcus run?

A

From the midline to the lateral sulcus

30
Q

Which lobes does the central sulcus separate?

A

The frontal and parietal lobes

31
Q

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

A

The parietal and frontal lobes from the temporal lobes

32
Q

What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

33
Q

What are the primary functions of the temporal lobe?

A

Hearing and memory

34
Q

Why is the brain folded?

A

To maximise volume of the cerebral cortex

35
Q

What sits on the ventral surface of the temporal lobes?

A

The uncus

36
Q

What connects the 2 hemispheres?

A

The corpus callosum

37
Q

What kind of matter is the corpus callosum?

A

White matter

38
Q

What is the ouermost layer of the meninges?

A

Dura mater

39
Q

How many laers of dura mater are there?

A

2 - the superficial/periosteal layer, and the meningeal layer

40
Q

Where is the periostela layer of dura mater?

A

Stuck to the inside of the skull, right on the bone

41
Q

Where is the meningeal layer of dura mater?

A

Mostly stuck to the periosteal layer apart from at a few places

42
Q

Where is an example of where the 2 layers of dura mater are not stuck together?

A

The midline

43
Q

What sits in this gap between dura mater layers at the midline?

A

Dural venous sinuses

44
Q

What is the second layer of the meninges?

A

The arachnoid mater

45
Q

Where does the arachnoid mater sit?

A

Encloses the entire CNS but does not go into every sulcus

46
Q

What is the most internal layer of the meninges?

A

The pia mater

47
Q

How thick is the pia mater?

A

1 cell thick

48
Q

Where does the pia mater lie?

A

Over the entire surface of the CNS like shrinkwrap

49
Q

What does the pian mater protect from?

A

Protects the brain and spinal cord from toxins and chemicals in the fluid around the CNS

50
Q

What lies between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater?

A

The subarachnoid space

51
Q

What is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

52
Q

What does the CSF in the subarachnoid space do?

A

Acts as a fluid buffer for the brain, and renders is “weightless”

53
Q

How many ventricles are there in the brain?

A

4

54
Q

What are the 4 ventricles?

A

2 lateral, the 3rd ventricle, and the 4th ventricle

55
Q

What lies in the lateral ventricles?

A

Choroid plexus

56
Q

What does choroid plexus do?

A

Makes CSF

57
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

58
Q

What does the 4th ventricle lead to?

A

Central canal -> Spinal cord

Sem 5 - The Nervous System (4 decks)

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