1. Inorganic Ions

Question 1

What does the ion do?
CO3 2-

Answer 1

• Carbonate
• Shells of sea creatures
• Lots of Carbon dioxide is transported as this

Question 2

What does the ion do?
Ca 2+

Answer 2

• Calcium
• Component of teeth and bones
• Important in muscle contraction

Question 3

What does the ion do?
Fe 2+

Answer 3

• Iron
• Component of Haemoglobin

Question 4

What does the ion do?
NO3 -

Answer 4

• Nitrate ions
• Used in protein synthesis

Question 5

What does the ion do?
PO4 3-

Answer 5

• Phosphate ion
• Component of ATP and bones

Question 6

What does the ion do?
Mg 2+

Answer 6

• Magnesium ion
• Component of chlorophyll

Question 7

What does the ion do?
Cl -

Answer 7

• Chlorine ion
• In humans, an inability to transport this ion leads to cystic fibrosis

Question 8

What does the ion do?
Na +

Answer 8

• Sodium ion
• Osmotic impulses
• Nerve impulses

Question 9

What does the ion do?
K +

Answer 9

Potassium ion
- Osmotic balance particularly in the kidneys

Question 10

What are ions

Answer 10

• An atom or group of atoms with an electric charge
• Cations= positive charge
• Anion= negative charge
• Metal atoms form cations

Question 11

What is an inorganic ion

Answer 11

An ion that doesn’t contain carbon

Question 12

What do more hydrogen ions mean?

Answer 12

The more hydrogen ions present, the lower the pH = more acidic

Question 13

Formula for pH

Answer 13

pH = -log[H+]

Question 14

Effect of big/small change to pH on enzyme

Answer 14

These are the ionic and hydrogen bonds. Extreme pHs can therefore cause these bonds to break. When the bonds holding the complementary active site of an enzyme break, it cannot bind to its substrate. The enzyme is thus denatured, as no enzyme-substrate or enzyme-product complexes can form.

Question 15

Oxygen Binding and Unloading

Answer 15

The Fe 2+ ion in Haemoglobin binds with oxygen. It temporarily becomes Fe 3+ until the oxygen is released

Question 16

Sodium ions and transport

Answer 16

Glucose and amino acids need help crossing cell membranes. A molecule of glucose or an amino acid can be transported into a cell alongside sodium ions - known as co-transport

Question 17

Phosphate and ATP

Answer 17

When phosphate ions are attached to the other molecules they are known as phosphate groups. The bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP store energy.

Question 18

Phosphates and DNA

Answer 18

Phosphate groups in DNA and RNA allow nucleotides to join together via condensation reactions to form polynucleotides

A phosphate backbone is the portion of the DNA double helix that provides structural support to the molecule.