1: Nursing History, Socialization Flashcards
1. Describe the history of nursing 2. Identify nursing leaders 3. Describe scope of practice for nursing practice(s) 4. Describe the role of nursing in the continuum of health 5. Identify qualifying criteria for professions 6. Examine criteria for nursing as a profession
What is the definition of nursing?
Nursing encompasses autonomous & collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups & communities, sick or well & in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, & the care of ill, disabled, & dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy & in patient & health systems management, & education are also key nursing roles.
List the 4 aims of nursing.
- Promote health
- Prevent illness
- Restore health
- Facilitate coping with disability or death
List and describe the 4 essential nursing competencies.
- Cognitive: “Makes sense”; EBP
- Technical: Equipment
- Interpersonal: Patient-Nurse relationship
- Ethical/Legal: Moral code; impeccable integrity
What are the 4 types of APRNs?
- Nurse Practitioner
- Clinical Nurse Specialist
- Certified nurse-midwife
- Certified nurse-anesthetist
Define and elaborate on the concept of a “profession.”
Occupational group with a set of attitudes and/or behaviors:
- Service/Altruism
- Specialized knowledge
- Autonomy/ethics
What influences nursing professionalism?
- Social
- Political
- Economic
- Technology
- Theoretical shifts in medicine & science
What are some barriers to professionalism?
- Varied education levels for entry into practice
- Gender issues
- Historical influences
- External conflicts
- Internal conflicts
- Nursing image
What is professional socialization?
What does it entail?
How does it occur?
- Nursing education teaches student nurses how to think and feel like a nurse.
- Includes vocabulary, roles, & responsibility
- Nursing socialization occurs through formal and informal systems.
Describe formal socialization and provide examples.
- Proceeds in an orderly, block-building method
- New information is based on previous information
- Ex: Classroom lectures, Assignments, Labs
Describe formal socialization and provide examples.
- Simply absorbing the culture of nursing (rites, rituals, valued behaviors)
- Ex: Incidental lessons, Observing other nurses
Describe Cohen’s Model of Basic Student Socialization (Stages I-IV)
- Stage I: Unilateral Dependence
(rely on external limits & controls established by authority/faculty) - Stage II: Negativity/Independence
(critical thinking & knowledge expand; questions asked) - Stage III: Dependence/Mutuality
(reasoned evaluation of others’ ideas; realistic appraisals) - Stage IV: Interdependence
(independence & mutuality come together; work collaboratively)
Describe Patricia Benner’s socialization model, From Novice to Expert (Stages 1-5)
- Stage 1 (Novice): Student nurse
- Stage 2 (Advanced Beginner): New graduate
- Stage 3 (Competent Practitioner): 2- 3 years experience
- Stage 4 (Proficient Practitioner): 3 – 5 years experience
- Stage 5 (Expert Practitioner): Extensive practice experience
