10 Social thinking Flashcards
What is interpersonal attraction? What are the 5 factors that influence this?
What makes people like each other and it is influenced by multiple factors:
- Physical attractiveness (e.g. golden ratio)
- Similarity in attitudes, intelligence, education etc.
- Self-disclosure (sharing personal details without fear of judgement)
- Reciprocity (we like people who we think like us)
- Proximity
What are the four types of attachment between a child and a caregiver?
- Secure attachment: constant caregiver, child has base to return to after exploring
- Avoidant attachment: caregiver has little to no response to child distress
- Ambivalent attachment (inconsistent response to child’s distress
- Disorganized attachment: caregiver is erratic or abusive. Child may show repetitive behaviours typical of abuse.
Give the five types of social support
- emotional support
- esteem support
- material support
- informational support
- network support (providing sense of belonging)
Define inclusive fitness in the context of social thinking
A measure of an organism’s success in the population. This is based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability of the offspring to then support others.
What is implicit personality theory?
States that people make assumptions about how different types of people, their traits, and their behaviour are related.
Define the following cognitive biases for perception of others
Primacy effect Recency effect Reliance on central traits Halo effect Just-world hypothesis Self-serving bias
Primacy effect: first impressions most important
Recency effect: most recent info about person most important for forming opinions
Reliance on central traits: tendency to organize perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver
Halo effect: judgments effected by overall impression of individual
Just-world hypothesis: Belief that good things happen to good people and vice-versa
Self-serving bias: Tendency for individuals to view own success based on internal factors and failures on external factors
What is attribution theory? What is the fundamental attribution error?
Focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior
Dispositional: internal
Situational: external
Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to bias towards dispositional attribution, rather than situational when judging actions of others
Attributions are highly influenced by the culture in which one resides
What is correspondent inference theory?
Correspondent inference theory systematically accounts for a perceiver’s inferences about what an actor was trying to achieve by a particular action (especially unexpected behaviours)
What are attribute substitutions?
When individuals must make judgements that are complex but instead substitute a simpler solution or heuristic (e.g. Trump wanting to build a wall rather than tackling the complexities of immigration)
What is stereotype threat?
Concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group.
What is ethnocentrism?
Practice of making judgements about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture
What is cultural relativism?
Cultural relativism is the idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another.
