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3rd Year - Psychiatry > 10.1. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

10.1. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Developmental Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Developmental Psychopathology?

A

The Science underpinning the Psychiatry:

  1. The Processes which go wrong during development
  2. How Genes / Biology / Life Experience interact
  3. How Adverse / Fortuitous Circumstances infulence each other
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2
Q

What are the Factors which effect Developmental Psychopathology?

A
  1. Genetic
  2. Intrauterine
  3. Psychosocial - Early / Late Experiental
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3
Q

What are the Genetic Factors which effect Developmental Psychopathology?

A
  1. Most Unidentified
  2. Polygenic Inheritance
  3. Polymorphisms: DAT / 5-HTTP / FRAX / MAO Gene
  4. Immune Locus
    Note - Heritability = Genetic Variance / Variance (e.g. PKU)
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4
Q

What are the Intrauterine / Perinatal Factors which effect Developmental Psychopathology?

A
  1. Substance Misuse -
    Alcohol / Marijuana
  2. Toxins - Lead / Mercury / PCB’s
  3. Drugs - Psychotropics / Antiepileptics
  4. Epigenetics - Folate Controlled Methylation
  5. Environment - Endocrine / Immune / Maternal Stress
  6. Premature Birth / Perinatal Complications / Twinning
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5
Q

What are Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood linked to?

A

Physical Disorder (Brain Damage):
1. No Physical Disorder - 7% with Psychiatric Disorder
2. Physical Disorder - 12% with Psychiatric Disorder
3. Idiopathic Epilepsy - 29% with Psychiatric Disorder
4. Cerebral Palsy and Allied Disorders - 44% with Psychiatric Disorder
Note - Head Injury, impacts on Behaviour, impacts on Life Events …

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6
Q

What Early Experiences (Psychosocial) can effect Developmental Psychopathology?

A
  1. Carer-Child Relationship (Attachment)
  2. Parenting Skills
  3. Parental Mental Disorder (e.g. Post-Natal Depression)
  4. Marital Harmony
  5. Nutrition
  6. Discipline
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7
Q

What Later Experiences (Psychosocial) can effect Developmental Psychopathology?

A
  1. Schooling
  2. Peer Relationship
  3. Family Functioning
  4. Discipline
  5. Abuse - Physical / Sexual / Emotional
  6. Life Events - Losses
  7. Race - At School (Not Home)
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8
Q

What are the Processes which effect Developmental Psychopathology?

A
  1. Executive Function
  2. Cognition
  3. Attachment
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9
Q

What are the 2 Resilience Concepts?

A
  1. Turning Points - Changing Life Trajectory as a Result of Events
  2. Steeling - Like the Bending or Stretching of Hot Steel to make it Stronger when Cold
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10
Q

What are the Developmental Stages of Social and Emotional Cognition?

A
  1. Joint-Attention - Learning to Judge what someone else is thinking
  2. Theory of other Minds - Represent others thoughts as different from our own
  3. Reward-Based Learning
  4. Controlling Emotional Responses - Emotional Regulation
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11
Q

Do Adverse Experiences have an Effect on Development of Threat and Reward Response Mechanisms?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What is Involved in Theory of other Minds?

A
  1. Joint-Attention
  2. Understanding False Belief
  3. Social Reprocity and Understanding
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13
Q

What does the Experience of Adversity have on the Reward Model of Addiction?

A
  1. Early Adversity - Reduced Dopamine Function
  2. Decreased Reward Sensitivity
  3. Increased Behaviour to elicit Reward / Increased Reward required for Satiety
  4. Increased Tolerance
  5. Increased Behaviour
    6 return to Step 2
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14
Q

When, in every day situations, can the Application of the Reward Deficiency Model be used?

A
  1. Obesity - Food and Sugar “Addiction”
  2. Drug and Alcohol
  3. Gambling
  4. Porn / Sex
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15
Q

What is the most common Hyperkinetic Disorder?

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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16
Q

What are the Features of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

A
  1. Hyperactivity / Distractibility / Impulsivity present from an Early Age
  2. Strong Genetic Component
  3. Aggravated by Lower IQ (Brain Damage - Intrauterine / Perinatal)
  4. Failure of Development of Cortico-Striatal and Cortico-Limbic Regulation
17
Q

What are the Effects of HyperKinetic Disorders?

A
  1. Worse Relationships with Peers / Teachers
  2. Poor School Performance
  3. Stigmatisation / Poor Self-Identity / Poor Self-Esteem
  4. Increased Abuse - Physical / Emotional / Sexual
  5. Novelty seeking / Aberrant Peer Relationships / Drug and Alcohol Misuse

3rd Year - Psychiatry (23 decks)

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