10.11.19 - Central Nervous System Flashcards Preview

PHRMSCI 120: Midterm 1 > 10.11.19 - Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Flashcards in 10.11.19 - Central Nervous System Deck (22)
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1
Q

Basic functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory input - when information is gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes

Integration - processing and interpretation of sensory input

Motor output - activation of effector organs products a response

2
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

Integration and control center

3
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Spinal nerves to and from spinal cord

Cranial nerves to and from brain

4
Q

What are the 2 cell types of the nervous tissue?

A

Neuroglia - small cells tang surround and wrap delicate neurons (most cells in the brain)

Neurons - excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

5
Q

What are 2 types of neuroglia?

A

Astrocytes (CNS)

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

6
Q

Myelin sheaths in the CNS are formed by multiple processes of oligodendrocytes

A

Yes

7
Q

What is white matter?

A

Regions of the brain and spinal cord with dense collections of myelinated fibers

8
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Mostly neuron cell bodies and nonmyelinated fibers

9
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A

Multipolar

  • 3 or more processes
  • 1 axon, other dendrites
  • most common, major in the CNS

Bipolar

  • 2 processes
  • 1 axon and 1 dendrite
  • rare

Unipolar

  • 1 short process
  • divides T like (both branches considered axons)
  • distal process
  • proximal process
10
Q

4 regions of the brain

A

Cerebral cortex
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brain stem

(Ventricles)

11
Q

What are ventricles?

A

Spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Protects brain against jolts/trauma

Chemical stability

Neutral buoyancy (weightless brain)

12
Q

Functional areas of the cerebral cortex:

A

Motor areas - control voluntary movement

Sensory areas - conscious awareness of sensation

Association areas - integrate diverse information

13
Q

What structures are in the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus - gateway to cerebral cortex, sorts and edits incoming stuff, mediates sensation

Hypothalamus - controls autonomic nervous system, blood pressure etc. Physic responses to emotion, perception of pleasure and fear. regulates body temp, hunger, water balance. Regulate sleep clock (suprachiasmatic nucleus)

Epithalamus - pineal gland describes melatonin to help sleep cycle

14
Q

3 parts of brain stem:

A

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata - functions overlap with hypothalamus. Responsible for vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, sneezing

15
Q

Cardiovascular center

A

In medulla oblongata

  • Cardiac center adjusts force and rate of heart contraction
  • Vasomotor center adjusts blood vessel diameter for blood pressure regulation
16
Q

Cerebellum:

A

Smooth coordinated movements

Thinking, language, emotion

17
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

Hypothalamus
Hippocampus - memory
Olfactory bulb

  • interacts with prefrontal lobe
  • react emotionally to things we understand
18
Q

What is affected in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Hippocampus

19
Q

Reticular activating system:

A

Send impulses to cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert

Severe injury results in coma

20
Q

Reticular formation

A

Motor function

Helps control limb movements

21
Q

What is a blood brain barrier?

A

A selective barrier that allows nutrients to move by facilitated diffusions

Allows fat soluble substances to pass (alcohol, nicotine, anesthetics)

22
Q

True or false

A stroke is when there’s too much Ca2+ inside the cell and action potential goes up

A

True