Flashcards in 11 Components Of Immune System Deck (37):
1
Recognizes structures characteristic of microbial pathogens not present in mammalian cells
Specificity
2
Substances that trigger innate immunity
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
3
Produced by epithelial cells and neutrophils, NK cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Exhibits direct toxicity to microbes and activation of cells involved in inflammatory response to microbes
Defensins
4
Expressed by epithelial cells and neutrophils
Direct toxicity to microbes and activation of leukocytes and other cells to eradicate microbes
Can bind and neutralize LPS
Cathelicidins
5
APCs that identify, ingest, and destroy microbes
Produce cytokines with important roles in innate and adaptive immune responses and tissue repair
Phagocytic cells
6
Aka PMNs
Most abundant population of circulating white blood cells
Mediate earliest phases of inflammation
Two types of granules
Neutrophils
7
Immature macrophages
First cell type that enters the blood after leaving the marrow
Mature and become macrophages upon tissue entry
Form specialized macrophages based on tissue they enter
Monocytes
8
Respond to microbes almost as quickly as neutrophils but survive much longer
Dominant effector cells in the later stages of innate immune response, 1-2 days after infection
Macrophages
9
Most effective APCs for initiating T cell responses
Found in lymphoid tissues, mucosal epithelial, and organ parenchyma
Dendritic cells
10
Specialized early cellular responders to viral infections
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells
11
Related to lymphocytes
Recognize and directly kill infected and/or stressed cells
Secretes inflammatory cytokines
Recognize MHC class I on normal healthy cells
NK Cells
12
Carbohydrate-binding proteins present on leukocytes, endothelial cells and platelets
Regulate migration of leukocytes to tissue
Selectin
13
Types of Selectin
P, E, L
14
Stored in cytoplasmic granule, endothelial surface and platelets
Translocation to the endothelial surface within minutes in response to microbial products and cytokines
P-selectin
15
Aka endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1
Exclusively expressed on cytokine-activated endothelial cells
Expressed on cell surface within 1-2 hours
E-selectin
16
Expressed on lymphocytes and other leukocytes
Homing receptor for lymphocytes and other leukocytes to lymph nodes
High expression on naive T cells
Low expression on activated effector and memory cells
L-selectin
17
Chemoattractrant proteins
Stimulate chemotaxis of leukocytes
Recruits leukocytes, regulate migration from blood to tissue
Produced by tissue macrophages, endothelial cells and other types of cells in response to microbial products, IL-1 and TNF
Bind to specific chemokine receptors on the surface of rolling leukocytes
Chemokines
18
Family of adhesion molecules expressed by leukocytes
Low affinity state in unactivated cells
Stronger binding of leukocytes to cell membrane
Integrins
19
Complement system
Mediators of inflammation
Recognize PAMPs and serve as effector molecules in innate immunity, others as opsonins
Blood proteins
20
Regulate and coordinate activities of the cells of innate immunity
Cytokines
21
Specifically recognize and respond to foreign antigens
Mediators of cellular and humoral immunity
Distinct subtypes with different ways of responding to different antigens
Only cells in the body capable of specifically recognizing and distinguishing different antigenic determinants
Responsible for specificity and memory
Lymphocytes
22
Precursors from bone marrow migrate to and mature in the thymus
Effectors: helper T cells, CTL, regulatory T cells
T lymphocytes
23
First discovered in birds, specifically in the Bursa of Fabricius
Effectors: plasma cells
B lymphocytes
24
Captures antigen and displays them to lymphocytes, signaling proliferation and differentiation
Antigen Presenting Cell
25
Major APC that initiates T cell responses
Found in epithelial barriers
Mobilize to lymphoid tissues and present to T cells
Dendritic cells
26
Not related to dendritic cells
Cells with membranous projections in lymphoid tissues that catch antigen from antibody or complement complexes and display them to B cells
Follicular dendritic cells
27
Where lymphocytes first express antigen receptors, attain phenotypic and functional maturity
Bone marrow and thymus
Primary/central/generative lymphoid organs
28
Where lymphocytic responses to foreign antigens initiate and develop
Lymph nodes, spleen, cutaneous immune system, mucosal immune system
Secondary/peripheral lymphoid organs
29
B cell zone
Contains follicles
Cortex
30
T cell zone
Mostly proliferating and maturing T cells with the aid of dendritic cells
Paracortex
31
Contains medullary cords with medullary sinuses in between
Medulla
32
Major site of immune responses to blood-borne antigens
Phagocytosis of antibody-coated microbes
Spleen
33
Lymphocyte-rich areas around /near central arteries
White pulp
34
Extensive vascular sinusoids with RBCs, macrophages and dendritic cells
White pulp
35
Cutaneous immune system involves:
Keratinocytes
Langerhans cells
Intraepithelial T cells
36
High levels of IgA production
Tendency of oral immunization with protein antigens to induce T cell intolerance
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
37