11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel Flashcards

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1
Q

Heredity

A

the delivery and inheritance of characteristics from parent to offspring

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2
Q

Genetics

A

scientific study of heredity

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3
Q

What is important to understanding what makes each organism unique

A

study of genetics

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4
Q

What was Gregor Mendel before he began to study genetics?

A

A priest, monk, high school teacher, and was in charge of his monastery’s garden

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5
Q

What school did Mendel go to

A

University of Vienna

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6
Q

What was Mendel known as

A

“Father of Modern Genetics “

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7
Q

Was Mendel recognized while he was still alive

A

no he was recognized after death

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8
Q

What did Mendel study?

A

cross breeding (cross-fertilization) by performing biological experiments on peas in his garden and the traits of pea plants

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9
Q

Why did Mendel choose to study pea plants?

A

bc they are small, easy to grow, true breeding, and self hereditary

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10
Q

True - breeding plants

A

Organisms that will always have the same traits; throughout all generations

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11
Q

Self Hereditary

A

plants that create their own sperm

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12
Q

Model System

A

systems that are convenient to study and may tell us how other organisms, including humans actually function

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13
Q

How many characteristics did each of the 7 traits that Mendel studied have?

A

2 (ex: yellow and green —- for color )

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14
Q

What is the first generation of plants called

A

paréntis (P)
[parents in latin]

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15
Q

What is the second generation of plants called

A

Filius (F)
[sons in latin]

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16
Q

What is the third generation of plants called

A

Filius 2
(F2)

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17
Q

Fertilization

A

when male and female reproductive cells join in sexual reproduction

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18
Q

In flowers, what contains sperm

A

pollen

19
Q

In flowers, what contains the eggs

A

pistil

20
Q

What does the pollen in the pistil create

A

an embryo encased in a seed

21
Q

Another term for self hereditary

A

self pollinating

22
Q

Trait

A

a specific characteristic (height, seed, color, etc.) of an individual

23
Q

Genes

A

factors that are passed from parent to offspring and are formed by a pair of two alternative alleles

24
Q

Alleles

A

the different forms of genes ( T, t )

25
Q

How many traits of pea plants did Mendel study?

A

7

26
Q

What are the unit factors in postulate 1

A

genes

27
Q

Test Cross

A

technique used to determine if organisms are homozygous dominant or heterozygous dominant

28
Q

Test crosses prevent ____-_____ and utilize _____-______

A

self-pollination; cross-pollination

29
Q

How many steps does cross pollination in plants have?

A

2

30
Q

How many parents does an offspring from cross pollination have?

A

2

31
Q

What are the steps of cross pollination?

A

1) Cut pollen-bearing parts of flower
2) Dust pollen on a different organism’s pistils

32
Q

Hybrids

A

the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

33
Q

All of Mendel’s F1 plants had the traits of ____ parent

A

one

34
Q

Which postulate formed the current understanding of inheritance?

A

Postulate 1

35
Q

Postulate 1

A

Genetic factors are controlled by unit factors that exist in pairs

36
Q

Postulate 1 is aka

A

Unit factors are formed in pairs

37
Q

Postulate 2

A

some alleles are dominant and others recessive and
dominant traits always suppress the recessive from appearing.

38
Q

What is postulate aka?

A

Dominant and Recessive

39
Q

Dominant alleles

A

alleles which trait will always be expressed if present

40
Q

Recessive alleles

A

alleles which when present alone will be

41
Q

Why are some alleles dominant and others recessive?

A

Because dominant alleles have more proteins than recessive

42
Q

Segregation

A

separation of expression of alleles

43
Q

Why does segregation occur?

A

The alleles for the different traits separated during the formation of gametes

44
Q

At the end of segregation, each gamete carries ____ allele for each gene

A

one