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Clinical Neuroscience > 1.1.3 Basic Features of the Brain > Flashcards

1.1.3 Basic Features of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the main sulci and gyri of the brain?

A

Central sulcus
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Lateral/sylvian fissure
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Calcarine sulcus

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2
Q

What are the functions of the central sulcus, precentral and postcentral gyri?

A

Central sulcus- separates the frontal and parietal lobes, sits in coronal plane

Precentral-contains primary motor cortex

Postcentral- contains primary sensory cortex

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3
Q

What are the functions of the lateral fissure and pariteto-occipital sulcus?

A

Lateral fissure separates temporal from frontal and parietal lobes

Parieto-occipital sulcus separates parietal from occipital lobe (only visible when brain cut in half)

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4
Q

What is the function of the calcarine sulcus?

A

Primary visual cortex surrounds this
Sulcus within the occipital lobe

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5
Q

What are some key features of the inferior aspect of the brain?

A

Optic chiasm: where fibres in visual system cross over

Uncus: most medial part of the temporal lobe, can herniate and compress midbrain, important olfactory role

Medullary pyramids: location of descending motor fibres (each has ~1 million axons), all voluntary movements travel through here

Parahippocampal gyrus: Key cortical region for memory encoding (part of the medial temporal lobe, sits laterally to uncus and is next to hippocampus)

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6
Q

What are some key midline brain structures?

A

Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Cingulate gyrus
Hypothalamus
Fornix
Tectum
Cerebellar tonsil

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7
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

Fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres- commissural fibres

White matter structure

~250 million axons

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8
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Sensory relay station projecting to sensory cortex

Final point before sensory information gets to cerebral cortex

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9
Q

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

A

Cortical area important for emotion and memory

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10
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Essential centre for homeostasis, below the thalamus

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11
Q

What is the function of the fornix?

A

Major output pathway from hippocampus to the cerebral cortex

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12
Q

What is the function of the tectum?

A

Dorsal part of the midbrain involved in involuntary responses to auditory and visual stimuli

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13
Q

What is the function of the cerebellar tonsil?

A

Part of the cerebellum that can herniate and compress the medulla

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14
Q

Where is the hippocampus found?

A

Inferomedially in the temporal lobe

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15
Q

Label the image

A

A- periaqueductal grey matter
B- substantia nigra
C- cerebral peduncle

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16
Q

What part of the brain is the superior colliculus part of?

A

The colliculi sits on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain

Clinical Neuroscience (45 decks)

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