1.2 Flashcards
what speech did truman deliver on 12 march 1947?
what did he announce?
what did he use his opportunity to announce?
what did truman believe? (what side was he on)
what did these ideas became known as?
-Speech to the US congress.The speech was to announce a economic aid package to greece and turkey.
-Truman announced the US would provide 400 million in aid to greece and turkey
-He use the opportunity to make a clear statement of what he saw as the differences between democracy and communism.He spoke of two alternative ways of life between which every nation must choose
-Truman believed choosing democracy over communism was like choosing good over evil
-These ideas became known as the truman doctrine
Marshall plan
what happened after 3 months after truman’s speech?
what was the marshall plan?
what country had the debate to offer aid to soviet union?
who didn’t benefit from the marshall plan and why?
-3 months after details were set out on how that aid would be provided in a speech by the US secretary of state george marshall
-Marshall plan was a practical outcome of truman doctrine providing economic aid to help war torn countries in order to stop communism from taking over in western europe
-USA had a debate whether to offer aid to soviet union and satellite states it was decided that it could be offered but countries first agree to a thorough review of their finances.However the USA knew stalin would not allow this so in practice eastern europe countries did not benefit from the marshall plan
what was stalin’s response to the truman doctrine?
what did he call it?
-Stalin did not see it like that at all he believed truman doctine showed that the usa was trying to extend influence in europe
-He also though it was undermining the international role of the UN by suggesting it was americas job to protect the world
-Stalin argued that the marshall plan was a way of using economic might to divided europe in 2 and establish an american economic empire.Soviets called this ‘dollar imperialism’
What were three impacts the truman doctrine and marshall plan had on international relations 1947?
-Stalin’s suspicion of the west were reinforced.He believed he now had evidence that USA was trying to crush SOVIET UNION
-Marshall plan sucessfully tied western european countries into supporting USA
-History of europe for the next 50 years became one of intense rivarly and attempts to win diplomatic and political victories over political opponents
what did the marshall plan set stalin?
what is cominform?
what did the new body give stalin?
-Set stalin an economic and political challenge.Therefore created 2 new organisations for the communist countries of europe.Cominform and comecon
-Cominform was a political organisation set up on stalin’s orders on 22 sep 1947.It had 9 members.Strongest support from cominform came from yugoslav communists under the leadership of tito
-The new body gave stalin a way of directing and controlling the governments of the satellite state.He wanted to ensure that they not only followed communism but also took orders from moscow
what did stalin want communist states to keep?
what did he not allow?
what is comecon and who created it?
who were the members?
who was it in competition with?
what did each state have?
why did stalin form comecon and cominform?
-Stalin wanted communists states to keep their independence from capitalist governments and did not want the us to become influential
-He would not allow the satellite states to accept marshall aid
-Stalin created comecon to provide aid in line with communist principles.Comecon was established on 25 january 1949,2 years after the marshall plan.It’s members were the soviet union bulgaria and czechslovakia
-Comecon was in direct competition with the marshall plan and aimed to support economic development in its member states.
-Each state had a 5 year plan nationalised industry and collectivised agriculture.Trade with usa and western europe was discouraged
-Stalin formed cominform and comecon in response to threat he believed the marshall plan posed to the soviet union.However his actions actually increased tension and played a significant role in the usa and WEC creating a new military alliance
1948 berlin crisis
what was europe now divided in?
how long did the berlin split last and what was it meant to be?
how did usa britian and france decide how to run part of germany now that the soviet union was no longer coorperating?
what did the 3 allies create in june 1948 and why were the soviets furious?
-Europe was now divided into 2 distinct political and economic camps
-Berlin split into 4 separate was meant to be temporary but lasted for many years
-Usa britian and france.Britain and americans combined their zones into boznia in 1947 and in march 1948.French added theirs to create trizonia
-3 allies created a single currency in deutschmark to give trizonia economic unity
SOviets were furious;
-New single currency in trizonia created a separate economic unit from east
-It acknowledge that there were in effect two germany’s west and east
Berlin blockade
what did stalin know about the western occupied zones of berlin?
what was the berlin blockade all about?
what happens if the blockade is sucessfull?
-Stalin knew that the western occupied zones in berlin were vulnerable and entirely surrounded by soviet occupied territory.
-In june 1948 stalin decided to shut off land routes across soviet controlled germany into berlin in what has became known as berlin blockade.He wanted to show usa britain and france that a divided germany would not work.
-Main section of trizonia in western germany would no longer be able to communicate with capital berlin
-If the blockade was successful stalin would win a huge propaganda success at the expense of west
-This was a direct challenge to truman stalin knew he could not ignore the bloackade because of his recent speech about defending the world from communism
what was the berlin airlift?
why did the pilots take a huge risk?
what did people of west berlin do?
what happened on may 9 1949?
-They flew food coal and other necesities assembled in the allied zones along the air corridors
-Pilots took a huge risk as they could not be sure soviets would not shoot them down
-People of west berlin and western troops in the city joined forces to build a new runaway at the old aiport so supplies could be landed in the western zones
-On may 9 a year later soviets gave in and lifted the blockade.Stalin’s attempt to win propaganda and victory over britain france and usa had backfired.The west had responded in a peaceful way what now looked like an unwise and aggressive act by stalin
Federal republic of germany (west)
what happened on 23 may 1949?
what happened on 14 august 1949?
what happened on 15 september 1949?
who was the new federal republic new capital?
what did the 3 western controlled zones of berlin continue?
23 may 1949- 3 days after the end of the blockade the usa britain france permitted their zones to come together as a state known as federal republic of germany
14 august 1949- germans in the new country were allowed to elect their own parliament called Bundestag
15 september 1949- first democratically elected chancellor of the federal republic Konrad adenauer took office
Federal republic new capital was Bonn
The three western controlled zones of berlin continued and became known as west berlin
German democratic republic (east germany)
how did stalin respond?
The creation two armed camps
what was stalin threat to berlin?
what did usa france britain and 9 other countries do in april 1949?
Warsaw pact
when did the german federal republic join nato?
what happened within a week of west germany joining nato?
who was the alliance under?
-Stalin responded by creating the german democratic republic in october 1949.Federal republic refused to recognise that germany had been split in two until the 1970s
The creation of 2 armed camps
-Stalin’s threat to berlin and the communist takeover in czechslovakia.They also wanted to send stalin a message about their determination to stand firm against communism
-In april 1949 Usa britain and france and nine other western countries joined together in the NATO(north atlantic treaty organisation).The members of the nato agreed that if any member was attacked all members would come to its assistance
Warsaw pact
-When the german federal republic was allowed to join Nato in may 1955 the SU fears increased.Now there was a real danger of armed and powerful boarders of soviet.
-Within a week of west germany joining nato the soviet union formed an equivalent communist defensive military alliance-warsaw pact
-Members of the soviet union was poland,czechslovakia hungary romania and bulgaria albania east germany.These countries became known as the eastern bloc
-The leadership was under the soviet
