12. Body Fluids

Question 1

Aspiration procedure for PERITONEAL fluid is called..?

Answer 1

Paracentesis

Question 2

What is effusion?

Answer 2

Increased fluid formation/accumulation between membranes due to disrupted mechanisms of serous fluid formation and reabsorption

Question 3

Monosodium urate (MSU) colour (both parallel and perpendicular to compensator)

Answer 3

Longitudinal axis parallel to compensator = yellow

Perpendicular to compensator = blue

Question 4

These 2 chemical tests on synovial fluid is INCREASED in inflammation and/or bacterial infection

Answer 4

Total protein, lactate

Question 5

This CSF test and its value suggests multiple sclerosis

Answer 5

CSF/IgG index > 0.77 (elevated)

Question 6

CSF lactate value suggestive of viral meningitis

Answer 6

2.4 - 3.3 mmol/L

Question 7

CSF/Albumin value that suggests damage to blood brain barrier

Answer 7

> 9

Question 8

What condition is calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) associated with?

Answer 8

Pseudogout

Question 9

Fluid between membranes; functions to provide lubrication between parietal and visceral mebmranes

Answer 9

Serous fluid

Question 10

Purpose of serous fluid collected in EDTA tube

Answer 10

Cell counts, differential

Question 11

Normal synovial fluid resembles ___________

Answer 11

egg white

Question 12

Shape of CPPD

Answer 12

Rod-shaped; rectangular; rhomboid

Question 13

Purpose of serous fluid collected in oxalate or fluoride tubes?

Answer 13

Protein, glucose, other chem ttests

Question 14

Word for ‘hyperbilirubinemia’ in a neonate

Answer 14

Kernicterus

Question 15

Aspiration procedure for PLERUAL fluid is called..?

Answer 15

Thoracentesis

Question 16

Purpose of serous fluid collected in sterile tubes (heparinized/SPS)

Answer 16

Cultures, cytology

Question 17

Cause of transudate formation?

Answer 17

Conditions that cause increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure

Question 18

4 primary causes of serous effusions

Answer 18

• Increased capillary permeability
• Increased hydrostatic pressure
• Decreased colloidal osmotic pressure
• Obstruction of lymphatic drainage

Question 19

Synovial crystal associated with gout

Answer 19

Monosodium urate

Question 20

CSF lactate value suggestive of bacterial or fungal meningitis

Answer 20

> 3.8 mmol/L in conjunction w/ low CSF glucose

Question 21

How do you get POSITIVE birefringence?

Answer 21

Crystal’s longitudinal axis is PERPENDICULAR to compensator

Question 22

Aspiration procedure for PERICARDIAL fluid is called..?

Answer 22

Pericardiocentesis

Question 23

Classification of joint disease when crystals are present?

Answer 23

Inflammatory

Question 24

Responsible for the normal viscoity of synovial fluid

Answer 24

Hyaluronic acid

Question 25

Ingestion of RBCs by macrophages in CSF suggests what condition?

Answer 25

Subarachnoid bleeding

Question 26

What does a CSF diff w/ increased lymphocytes suggest?

Answer 26

Viral infection

Question 27

How does turbidimetric detection of protein work?

Answer 27

Acids (sulfosalicylic, trichloroacetic) denature proteins and cause precipitation Measure absorbance

Question 28

Another word for peritoneal fluid

Answer 28

Ascites (ascetic fluid)

Question 29

Normal appearance of synovial fluid?

Answer 29

Colourless to pale yellow Viscous Resembles an egg white

Question 30

What is micrototalprotein?

Answer 30

CSF total protein

Question 31

Which lab department should each CSF tubes from 1 to 4 be sent to

Answer 31

1. Chemistry 2. Microbiology 3. Hematology 4. Additional tests

Question 32

What does a CSF diff w/ predominantly neutrophils suggest?

Answer 32

Bacterial infection

Question 33

Cause of exudate formation?

Answer 33

Inflammatory processes that damage capillary permeability or decrease lymphatic absorption

Question 34

What is arthrocentesis?

Answer 34

Collection of synovial fluid using a syringe (needle aspiration) then transferred to appropriate tube(s)

Question 35

How is CSF prepared for a cell differential?

Answer 35

Concentrated smear prepared using cytocentrifuge and then stained with Wrights stain

Question 36

3 conditions that produce elevated CSF protein

Answer 36

1. Ig production within CNS 2. Traumatic tap 3. Increased permeability of epithelial membrane which can be caused by meningitis or cerebral hemorrhage

Question 37

4 major functions of CSF

Answer 37

1. Mechanical support and protection 2. Constant chemical matrix for CNS 3. Method of excretion for metabolic byproducts 4. Transports biologically active compounds in/out of brain (chemical messengers)