1.2 Common Postural Problems

Question 1

When do kids develop feet arches?

Answer 1

4-5 years

Question 2

How to test if flexible flat fee?

Answer 2

Go on tip toes

Question 3

Shoe orthotics for flexible flat feet?

Answer 3

Nope

Question 4

When are flat feet a problem

Answer 4

Rigid flat feet
Painful
Need surgery usually

Question 5

Initial management of painful flat feet?

Answer 5

NSAIDS for symptoms
X-rays
Orthopod referral

Question 6

Intoeing considerations?

Answer 6

Age
Anatomical level
Severity
Natural history

Question 7

What causes metatarsus adductus?

Answer 7

In utero posture

Question 8

Mobile metatarsus adductus treatment?

Answer 8

Nothing

Sleep supine

Question 9

More severe Mobile metatarsus adductus treatment?

Answer 9

Stretching
Plaster
Reverse shoes
Surgery

Question 10

Severe intoeing due to internal tibial torsion treatment?

Answer 10

Brace night time

Surgery

Question 11

Intoeing in older kids usually how?

Who?

Answer 11

Excessive femoral anteversion

Girls

Question 12

How long to fix femoral anteversion?

Answer 12

Until skeletal maturity

Question 13

Bow legs are normal in kid under which age?

Answer 13

2

Spontaneous correction by 3

Question 14

When is bow legs pathological?

Answer 14

Asymmetrical
-rickets
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Bone and fibrous dysphasia
Growth plate injury

Question 15

What is Blount’s Disease?

Answer 15

Damage to growth plate of medial tibia due to childhood obesity

Age 2 -4 progressive bowing

Question 16

What is bow legs biochem screen?

Answer 16

Ca, PHos, Alk phos
Vit D
PTH
TFT
Coeliac serology

Question 17

imaging for bow legs?

Answer 17

Standing x-ray

Question 18

Knock knees is normal when?

Answer 18

Age 3-4

Symmetrical

Question 19

Normal knock knees spontaneous correction by?

Answer 19

8 years

Question 20

Severe knock knees surgery is called?

Answer 20

Guided growth surgery

Question 21

Normal inter-Malleoli distance?

Answer 21

<10cm

Question 22

Idiopathic adolescent scoliosis affects who?

Answer 22

Young adolescent girls

Symptoms minimal

Question 23

Idiopathic adolescent scoliosis treatment mild?

Answer 23

Observe

X-rays

Question 24

Idiopathic adolescent scoliosis treatment moderate

Answer 24

Brace and review

Question 25

Idiopathic adolescent scoliosis severe?

Answer 25

Surgery spinal fusion with instrumentation