Ionic bonding and structure

Question 1

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

Is electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions after reacting with one another (only occurs when a non metal and metal react)

Question 2

How are ionic compounds held together?

Answer 2

Held in a lattice
the electrostatic attraction holds the ions together

Question 3

Properties of ionic substances

Answer 3

high melting and boiling point
do not conduct electricity when solid (electrons are stuck in place)
conduct when the substances is molten or liquid

Question 4

How are ionic compounds formed? e.g MgO

Answer 4

Mg need’s to give away two electrons to be complete
oxygen needs two electrons to be complete
Mg gives it’s electrons and both have an outer shell. So ionic bonds are formed

Question 5

Def of covalent bond?

Answer 5

Happens when two non metal atoms SHARE electrons and form intermolecular forces

Question 6

describe the structure and properties of covalent substances

Answer 6

Low boiling and melting points as the intermolecular forces are weak

can’t conduct electricity
small molecules

Question 7

what are the three types of chemical bonds?

Answer 7

Covalent, Ionic and metallic

Question 8

def of ionic bonding?

Answer 8

Ionic bonding occurs in compounds formed from metals combined
with non-metals

Question 9

def of metallic bonding?

Answer 9

Metallic bonding occurs in metallic elements and alloys

Question 10

what is an ionic compound?

Answer 10

Ionic compounds are
held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between
oppositely charged ions. These forces act in all directions in the
lattice and this is called ionic bonding.

Question 11

what happens to electrons in ionic bonds?

Answer 11

this is when electrons are transferred electrons

Question 12

what happens to electrons in covalent bonds?

Answer 12

The electrons are shared

Question 13

What is the difference between ionic and metallic bonding?

Answer 13

metallic happens between two metals
Can make delocalized electrons
Happens when metal atoms attract
Ionic happens between a metal and a non metal
cannot conduct electricity

Question 14

similarites between ionic and metallic bonding

Answer 14

Both have electrostatic forces between atoms
Both create ions

Question 15

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 15

When metals react with non-metals, electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non-metal atoms, forming ions. The resulting compound is called an ionic compound.

Question 16

Non metals usually form ions with which charges?

Answer 16

Negative charges

Question 17

what holds the ions together in an ionic compound?

Answer 17

Electrostatic forces

Question 18

what is a metallic bond?

Answer 18

the electrons in outer shells of metals are delocalised, this sharing of delocalised electrons gives way to strong metallic bonds between atoms (happen between two metal atoms)

Question 19

what are the 4 state symbols?

Answer 19

Solid (s) liquid (l) Aqueous (aq) gas (g)

Question 20

describe an ionic compound

Answer 20

Ionic compounds have regular structures which make ionic lattice’s, which is held together by electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions in the compounds

Question 21

where do the delocalized electrons in a metallic bond come from?

Answer 21

the outermost electron shell

Question 22

Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved?

Answer 22

The ions are now free to move around and conduct electricity

Question 23

Do intermolecular forces get bigger as the molecule gets bigger?

Answer 23

The intermolecular forces increase with the size of the molecules,
so larger molecules have higher melting and boiling points.

Question 24

why can’t simple covalent molecules conduct electricity?

Answer 24

All the electrons are shared so they can not flow and be delocalized

Question 25

What is a polymer?

Answer 25

A long chain of repeating monomers of molecules, Have lots of intermolecular forces between them gives polymers a high melting and boiling point

Question 26

Why does graphite form layers?

Answer 26

Graphite is one layer, but each layer is connected by weak intermolecular forces which makes is easy for the graphite to slide around and be used for e.g pencil lead

Question 27

Properties of graphene in terms of structure and bonding

Answer 27

High melting and boiling points
Only has 3 carbon bonds leaving one electron free to conduct electricity
Graphene’s single layer is connected by covalent bonds which makes it very strong

Question 28

The structure of silicon is similar to that of diamond
Describe the structure of silicon and why it has a high melting point.

Answer 28

It makesbonds with 4 other atoms
It is a large structure with large amount of bonds
Strong covalenet forces which needs a large amount of energy to break them

Question 29

Why is it cheaper to use nanoparticles of silver over coarse particles of silver?

Answer 29

Nanoarticles have a higher surface area to volume ratio so less can be used for the same effect

Question 30

explain why nitrogen is a gas at room temperature

Answer 30

Has weak forces between molecules which need little energy to break