13: Amines (Part 2)

Question 1

these provide easy access to many different benzene derivatives

Answer 1

Diazonium salts

Question 2

All substituents can be divided into three general types namely

Answer 2

1.) Ortho, para directors and activators
2.) ortho para directors and deactivators
3.) Meta directors

Question 3

_____________ of a diazonium salt with another benzene derivative to form an azo compound

Answer 3

Coupling

Question 4

factor?: increasing the percent s-character in the orbital with the lone pair decreases basicity

Answer 4

hybridization effects

Question 5

Pyrrole is much ____________ than pyridine because its lone pair of electrons is part of the aromatic system (delocalized).

Answer 5

less basic

Question 6

Aryl diazonium salts undergo two general reactions namely?

Answer 6

substitution
coupling

Question 7

Substituents that direct substitution meta

Answer 7

Meta directors

Question 8

these are ortho, para director

Answer 8

EDG

Question 9

a compound containing a nitrogen–nitrogen double bond

Answer 9

azo compound

Question 10

factor?: electron-donating groups bonded to N increase basicity

Answer 10

inductive effects

Question 11

Amines attack __________________ to form products of nucleophilic addition or substitution

Answer 11

carbonyl groups

Question 12

In a ________________________, the base removes a proton from the less substituted, more accessible a carbon atom, because of the bulky leaving group on the nearby α carbon

Answer 12

Hofmann elimination

Question 13

Secondary alkylamines and arylamines react with _____________ to form N-nitrosamines

Answer 13

nitrous acid

Question 14

Polarizable alkyl groups donate electron density, and thus exhibit an __________________ inductive effect.

Answer 14

electron-donating

Question 15

Substituents that activate a benzene ring and direct substitution ortho and para

Answer 15

Ortho, para directors and activators

Question 16

Substituents that deactivate a benzene ring and direct substitution ortho and para

Answer 16

Ortho, para deactivators

Question 17

this reacts more slowly than benzene in all substitution reactions

Answer 17

nitrobenzene

Question 18

factor?: having the lone pair on N as part of the aromatic pi system decreases basicity

Answer 18

aromaticity

Question 19

this is faster than benzene in all substitution reactions

Answer 19

toluene

Question 20

Nitrous acid reacts with 1° alkylamines and arylamines (aniline) to form?

Answer 20

diazonium salts

Question 21

Coupling of a diazonium salt with another benzene derivative to form an?

Answer 21

azo compound

Question 22

these are meta director

Answer 22

EWG

Question 23

When constitutional isomers are possible, the _______________ has the less substituted double bond in a Hofmann elimination

Answer 23

major alkene

Question 24

factor?: delocalizing the lone pair on N decreases stability

Answer 24

resonance effects

Question 25

_________________________ and _____________ react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines

Answer 25

Secondary alkylamines, arylamines

Question 26

The _____________________ converts an amine into an alkene

Answer 26

Hofmann elimination

Question 27

In terms of increasing basicity for heterolytic amines:

Answer 27

pyrrole < pyridine < piperidine

Question 28

these react with a variety of reagents to form products in which Z (an atom or group of atoms) replaces N2, a very good leaving group

Answer 28

aryl diazonium salts

Question 29

The Hofmann elimination converts an amine into an?

Answer 29

alkene

Question 30

Secondary alkylamines and arylamines react with nitrous acid to form?

Answer 30

N-nitrosamines

Question 31

alkyl groups are _______________, making them electron-donating groups

Answer 31

polarizable

Question 32

______________ reacts with 1° alkylamines and arylamines (aniline) to form diazonium salts

Answer 32

Nitrous acid

Question 33

Pyrrole is much less basic than pyridine because its lone pair of electrons is part of the?

Answer 33

aromatic system (delocalized)

Question 34

these are generally not useful compounds

Answer 34

Alkyl diazonium salts

Question 35

All meta directors _____________ the ring.

Answer 35

deactivate

Question 36

Pyridine is ________ than piperidine

Answer 36

less basic