Flashcards in 1.4 - Vasoconstrictors Deck (9)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q
- Do vasoconstrictors increase or decrease duration of action of LA? Do they increase or decrease bleeding?
Do they increase or decrease risk of LA toxicity?
A
- Vasoconstrictors increase duration of LA by decreasing blood flow and decreasing overall bleeding
- Decrease risk of LA toxicity
2
Q
- What is the benchmark vasoconstrictor in dental LA?
What is the second vasoconstrictor?
A
- Epinephrine
2. Levonordefrin (NeoCobefrin)
3
Q
- What is the only LA in the US that contains levonordefrin?
A
2% Mepivacaine HCl with levonordefrin (1:20,000)
4
Q
- What are some epinephrine beta1 effects on cardiac tissue?
- Heart rate, contraction force, stroke volume, cardiac output?
A
Increases everything (increase HR, contraction force, SV, cardiac output)
5
Q
- What are some epinephrine beta2 effects on cardiac tissue?
- Constrict or dilate Coronary arteries?
- Vasoconstrict or vasodilate vessels to skeletal muscle?
A
- Dilate coronary arteries
2. Vasodilate vessels to skeletal muscles
6
Q
- What metabolic effects does epi have?
- Oxygen consumption levels
- Stimulates or reduces glycogen levels
- Blood sugar levels
A
- Increases oxygen consumption
- Stimulates glycogenolysis
- Increase blood sugar levels
7
Q
- What is the maximum safe dosage of epinephrine to a healthy patient in mg?
How about to a patient with CV disease?
A
- 0.2 mg epi (11 cartridges of 1:100,000)
2. 0.04 mg epi (2 cartridges of 1:100,000)
8
Q
- What dilution of epinephrine is the dilution of choice in at risk individuals?
(1: 50,000, 1:100,000 or 1:200,000)
A
1:100,000
9
Q
- If patient may have a drug interaction with epinephrine, levonordefrin may be used (found in Mepivacaine 2% w/ levonordefrin 1:20,000).
What percent is levonordefrin as potent as epinephrine? In general, is levonordefrin as effective as epi?
A
Levonordefrin is 15% as potent
Much less effective at hemostasis and airway dilation, no stimulation of cns, and much less metabolic effects