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Pharmacology Final Exam > Part 4 (GI meds, mental health, neurological) > Flashcards

Part 4 (GI meds, mental health, neurological) Flashcards

1
Q

What drug class is Mylanta in?

A

Antacids

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2
Q

What is the action of Mylanta?

A

reacts with HC; and raises the pH of the stomach.

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3
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Mylanta?

A

Prevents or treats peptic ulcer disease, GERD, esophagitis, heartburn, gastritis, GI bleeding, and stress ulcers.

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4
Q

What is the contraindications Mylanta?

A

signs of appendicitis or inflamed bowel; renal failure

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5
Q

What is the patient teaching for Mylanta?

A

take 1-3 hours after meals and at bedtime

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6
Q

What drug class is Omeprazole?

A

PPI

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7
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Omeprazole?

A

Tx of peptic ulcer disease, GERD

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8
Q

What are the adverse effects of Omeprazole?

A

N/D, HA; long term use can increase risk of fractures

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9
Q

What is the patient teaching for Omeprazole?

A

take before eatigng

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10
Q

What drug class is Cimetidine in?

A

H2 Blocker (-tidine)

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11
Q

What is the action of Cimetidine?

A

inhibits action of histamine at the H2 receptor of the stomach to decreases the amount, acidity, and pepsin content of gastric juices

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12
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Cimetidine?

A

prevention and tx of peptic ulcer diseases, GERD, esophagitis, GI bleed

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13
Q

What is the adverse effect of Cimetidine?

A

diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, HA, confusion, gynecomastia

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14
Q

What is the nursing action for Cimetidine?

A

Cimetidine contributes to multiple drug interactions; interferes with hepatic metabolism of other drugs

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15
Q

What is the patient teaching for Cimetidine?

A

do not take antacid and H2 together

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16
Q

What drug class is Promethazine?

A

Phenothiazine (antiemetic)

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17
Q

What is the action of Promethazine?

A

blocks dopamine for receptors in the brain

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18
Q

What is therapeutic use of Promethazine?

A

prevention and Tx of N/V associated with surgery, anesthesia, migraine, chemotherapy, and motion sickness.

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19
Q

What are the adverse effects of Promethazine?

A

`Blurred vision, urinary retention, dry mouth, photosensitivity, drowsiness, and confusion.

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20
Q

What is the BBW for Promethazine for?

A

Contraindicated in children <2years, risk of potentially fetal respiratory depression; contraindicated for subcutaneous administration.

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21
Q

what is the patient teaching for Promethazine?

A

more effective in preventing than stopping the nauseas; lying down may help N/V subside

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22
Q

What drug class is Hydroxyzine in?

A

Antihistamine (antiemetic)

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23
Q

What is the action of Hydroxyzine?

A

blocks action of acetylcholine in the brain

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24
Q

What is the therapeutic use of hydroxyzine?

A

Tx of N/V and prevents motion sickness; can possibly treat anxiety due to sedation effects

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25
Q

What are the adverse effects of Hydroxyzine?

A

anticholinergic effects, confusion, thickened respiratory secretions, tachycardia

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26
Q

What are the contraindications for Hydroxyzine?

A

pregnancy category D

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27
Q

What is the patient teaching for Hydroxyzine?

A

can impair thinking or reactions, avoid operating heavy machinery.

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28
Q

What drug class is Ondansetron in?

A

Serotonin Receptor Antagonist (antiemetic)

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29
Q

What is the action of Ondansetron?

A

antagonizes serotonin receptors, preventing their activation

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30
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Ondansetron?

A

prevents and treats moderate to severe N/V associated with cancer, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and postoperative

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31
Q

What are the adverse effects of ondansetron?

A

Diarrhea , HA, dizziness, constipation, fatigue 

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32
Q

What is the patient teaching for Ondansetron?

A

use cation with driving or other tasks requiring mental alertness; interacts with other drugs

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33
Q

What drug class is Aprepitant in?

A

Substance P/ Neurokinin 1 antagonist (antiemetic)

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34
Q

What is the action of Aprepitant?

A

inhibits signals to the brain that cause nausea

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35
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Aprepitant?

A

treats both acute and delayed N/V associated with chemotherapy

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36
Q

What is the adverse effect of Aprepitant?

A

fatigue, weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, hiccups

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37
Q

What is the patient teaching for Aprepitant?

A

can reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptives

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38
Q

What drug class is Fluoxetine in?

A

SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

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39
Q

What is the action of Fluoxetine?

A

block reabsorption of serotonin

40
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Fluoxetine?

A

Tx of depression and associated with anxiety, OCD, and bulimia nervosa

41
Q

What is the adverse effect of Fluoxetine?

A

N/D, weight loss, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome

42
Q

What are the contraindications for Fluoxetine?

A

use of MAO inhibitor and pregnancy

43
Q

What is the patient teaching for Fluoxetine?

A

take in the morning

44
Q

What drug class is Venlafaxine?

A

SSRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors)

45
Q

What is the action of Venlafaxine?

A

increases level of serotonin and norepinephrine by inhibiting reabsorption

46
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Venlafaxine?

A

1st line of tx for depression and anxiety disorders

47
Q

What are the adverse effects of Venlafaxine?

A

anxiety, dizziness, anorexia, weight loss, N/V, hypertension, tachycardia, sexual dysfunction, sweating, rash

48
Q

What contraindications for Venlafaxine?

A

use of an MAO inhibitor and pregnancy

49
Q

What is the patient teaching for Venalfaxine?

A

use effective birth control and take with food

50
Q

What is Eszopiclone used for?

A

insomnia

51
Q

What is the action of Eszopiclone?

A

interact with GABA receptor

52
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Eszopiclone?

A

management of insomnia

53
Q

What are the adverse effects of Eszopiclone?

A

behavior changes, depression, hallucinations, suicidal ideation, anterograde amnesia (short-term memory loss)

54
Q

What are the contraindications for Eszopiclone?

A

elderly patients, hepatic impairment

55
Q

What is the patient teaching for Eszopiclone?

A

take right before bed; avoid depressants; take on an empty stomach; high-fat meals reduce absorption

56
Q

what is Zolpidem use for?

A

Insomnia

57
Q

What is the action of Zolpidem?

A

interact with GABA receptor

58
Q

What are the adverse effects of Zolpidem?

A

daytime drowsiness, dizziness, N/D, anterograde amnesia, sleepwalking

59
Q

What is the patient teaching for Zolpidem?

A

take right before bed; avoid depressants

60
Q

What is Levodopa-carbidopa use for?

A

Parkinsons

61
Q

What is the action of levodopa-carbidopa?

A

increases dopamine in the brain

62
Q

what is the therapeutic use of levodopa-carbidopa?

A

Tx of advances Parkinson’s disease

63
Q

What is the adverse effect of levodopa-carbidopa?

A

HA, anxiety, hallucinations, dementia, drowsiness, tachycardia, ectopic heartbeat, hypotension, wide QRS complex

64
Q

What are the contraindications of levodopa-carbidopa?

A

suspicious skin lesions or hx of malignant melanoma

65
Q

What are the nursing actions of levodopa-carbidopa?

A

do not give with MAO inhibitors (hypertensive crisis)

66
Q

What is the patient teaching of levodopa-carbidopa?

A

change positions slowly, take with food, notify prescriber of any increase in symptoms.

67
Q

What is Tolcapone use for?

A

Parkinsons disease`

68
Q

What is the action of Tolcapone?

A

inhibits metabolism of levodopa; increase dopamine in the brain

69
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Tolcapone?

A

Tx of s/sx of Parkinson’s diseases; used in conjunction with levodopa - carbidopa

70
Q

What are the adverse effects of Tolcapone?

A

disorientation, confusion, hallucinations, psychosis, liver failure- severe effects in other systems

71
Q

What is the contraindication for Tolcapone?

A

liver disease, nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, hyperpyrexia, confusion

72
Q

What is the BBW for Tolcapone for?

A

risk of potential fetal acute fulminant liver failure.

73
Q

What is the nursing action for Tolcapone?

A

do not give with MAO inhibitors (hypertensive crisis)

74
Q

What is the patient teaching for Tolcapone?

A

do not stop drug abruptly, tamper over 2 weeks, use barrier contraceptive, avoid antidepressants.

75
Q

What is Donepezil used for?

A

Alzheimer’s (Drug class: Acetylcholine)

76
Q

What is the action for Donepezil?

A

increases acetylcholine in the brain by inhibiting its metabolism

77
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Donepezil?

A

Tx of all phases of Alzheimer’s disease

78
Q

What are the adverse effects of Donepezil?

A

HA, dizziness, depression, vertigo, insomnia, GL bleeds, asthma, heart diseases (sick sinus syndrome), fatigue, anorexia.

79
Q

What are the contraindications for Donepezil?

A

patients with lung or heart disease

80
Q

What is the patient teaching for Donepezil?

A

take at bedtime; does not cure, only slows progression of disease

81
Q

What drug class is Sumatriptan in?

A

Triptans

82
Q

What is the action of Sumatriptan?

A

binds to serotonin receptors into product vasocontraction of cranial blood vessels.

83
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Sumatriptan?

A

Tx of acute migraine HA pain; with or without aura.

84
Q

What are the adverse effects of Sumatriptan?

A

dizziness, HA, anxiety, alterations in BP, chest pain, shock

85
Q

What is the contraindications for Sumatriptan?

A

cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular syndromes; older adult; smoking

86
Q

What is the nursing actions for Sumatriptan?

A

do not give within 24 hours of ergots (risk of MI); access for increase in BP

87
Q

What is the patient teaching for Sumatriptan?

A

do not operate heavy machinery.

88
Q

what drug class is Diazepam in?

A

Benzodiazepine (-lam and -pam)

89
Q

What is the action of Diazepam?

A

enhances inhibitory effect of GABA; reduces release of norepinephrine; skeletal muscle relaxer

90
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of Diazepam?

A

antianxiety, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant

91
Q

What are the adverse effects of Diazepam?

A

CNS depression, confusion, dishabituation, depression (suicidal ideation)

92
Q

What is Diazepam BBW for ?

A

avoid taking with opioids; risk slowed or difficult breathing and death

93
Q

What are the contraindications for Diazepam?

A

severe respiratory disorders, severe liver or kidney disorder, hx of alcohol or drug abuse

94
Q

What is the nursing action for Diazepam?

A

monitor BP and RR rate

95
Q

What is the patient teaching for Diazepam?

A

avoid caffeine and stimulants; do not preform tasks to require mental alertness; avoid alcohol and other depressants.

Pharmacology Final Exam (5 decks)

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