1.5.2 Ethical and Moral Issues

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

Concerned with our values as a community and how they impact different groups in a society

Question 2

Morals

Answer 2

To do with our personal code of conduct, encompasses how we choose to behave including our decisions at the expense of others

Question 3

Social issues

Answer 3

A term used for behaviours and expectations of a society

Question 4

Cultural Issues

Answer 4

The term for matters that have an impact on the nature or culture of society

Question 5

Benefits of workforce automation

Answer 5

Improved efficiency
Reduced strain on workers
Can work where it is too dangerous for humans
Reduce accidents

Question 6

Downsides of workforce automation

Answer 6

Loss of jobs in certain sectors
Shift towards low-income jobs
Dependence on computers

Question 7

Benefits of remote working

Answer 7

No commute (less fossil fuels, people work longer hours)
Less people to distract you

Question 8

Downsides of remote working

Answer 8

Mental health issues due to less interaction

Harder to separate home life and work

Question 9

Asimov’s First Law

Answer 9

A robot must not harm a human being or, through inaction, cause a human being to come to harm

Question 10

Asimov’s Second Law

Answer 10

A robot must obey all orders given to it by humans, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law

Question 11

Asimov’s Third Law

Answer 11

A robot must protect its own existence, except where such protection would conflict with the First or Second Laws

Question 12

Examples of automated decision making

Answer 12

Approving/denying a loan or mortgage
Job offers
Driverless cars
Nuclear power systems
Aeroplane autopilots

Question 13

AI vs automated decision making

Answer 13

automated decision making makes use of IF-THEN rules to reach an output but AI involves the machine actually learning

Question 14

Positive environmental impacts of computers

Answer 14

Home working (no commute)
Less paper
Streaming (no plastics in packaging/delivery)
Automation reduces water and electricity use

Question 15

Negative environmental impacts of computers

Answer 15

Waste from products you’ve finished with
Toxic materials in computers
Greenhouse gas emission in production
Use of electricity

Question 16

UK free speech rules

Answer 16

The UK human rights act protects free speech but there are still exceptions such as inciting racial or religious hatred

Question 17

China free speech rules

Answer 17

International media is largely banned (great firewall) and it is illegal to criticise the government

Question 18

Digital divide

Answer 18

Where broadband and internet access greatly varies, restricting the internet access of many

Question 19

Design Issues

Answer 19

Colours symbolise different things in different cultures
Some cultures read right to left
Words and syntax don’t translate directly
Different character sets are used
Boxes may need to be resized for the lengths of words in different languages

Question 20

Artificial Intelligence

Answer 20

The ability of a computer to replicate human intelligence, cognitive ability and grasp abstract concepts

Question 21

Censorship

Answer 21

The act of suppressing the content that people are able to view, publish and acess