Exam #5- FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Question 1

The stage of human gestation from eight weeks after conception until the birth of an infant is called a :
a.) fetus
b.) ovum
c.) zygote
d.) embryo
e.) placenta

Answer 1

a.) fetus

Question 2

The use of commercial formula for feeding an infant is most appropriate when:
a.) the mother wants to sleep through the night
b.) the mother has previously undergone treatment for TB
c.) the mother is HIV positive
d.) the mother is suffering from a cold
e.) the mother wants to be certain the infant is receiving all the necessary nutrients

Answer 2

c.) the mother is HIV positive

Question 3

To prevent or relieve heartburn during pregnancy, you would recommend:
a.) eating spicy and greasy foods
b.) chewing food thoroughly
c.) eating dry toast and crackers
d.) eating large meals frequently
e.) lying down immediately after eating

Answer 3

b.) chewing food thoroughly

Question 4

What advice would you give a pregnant, vegetarian, 17-year-old girl about her nutrient intake?
a.) She should switch to a meat-based diet
b.) She should reduce her exercise levels.
c.) She should take herbal products instead of nausea medication for morning sickness.
d.) She needs to take a prenatal vitamin supplement to be certain she is getting enough folate.
e.) She needs to control her calorie intake so that she does not gain too much weight.

Answer 4

d.) She needs to take a prenatal vitamin supplement to be certain she is getting enough folate.

Question 5

What is the most important factor governing the addition of new foods to a baby’s diet?
a.) The baby’s physical readiness to handle a spoon.
b.) The mother’s desire to cease breastfeeding.
c.) The need to detect and control allergic reactions.
d.) How often the baby cries
e.) The baby’s napping time

Answer 5

c.) The need to detect and control allergic reactions.

Question 6

Which characteristic is the single most potent indicator of an infant’s future health status?
a.) The mother’s birthweight
b.) The mother’s post pregnancy weight
c.) The infant’s birthweight
d.) The mother’s prepregnancy weight
e.) The mother’s weight gain during pregnancy.

Answer 6

c.) The infant’s birthweight

Question 7

Which of the following is a fatal neural tube defect?
a.) Spina bifida
b.) Microcephaly
c.) Phenylketonuria
d.) Anencephaly
e.) Down syndrome

Answer 7

d.) Anencephaly

Question 8

Which of the following is caused by the improper closure of the neural tube?
a.) Atherosclerosis
b.) Down syndrome
c.) Phenylketonuria
d.) Spina bifida
e) Congenital heart disease

Answer 8

d.) Spina bifida

Question 9

Which of the following minerals is required for protein synthesis and cell development during pregnancy?
a.) Vitamin D
b.) Zinc
c.) Magnesium
d.) Iron
e.) Calcium

Answer 9

b.) Zinc

Question 10

Which of the following should be entirely avoided during pregnancy?
a.) Swimming pools
b.) Well-cooked eggs
c.) Intake of folate
d.) Moderately intense physical activity
e.) Alcohol

Answer 10

e.) Alcohol

Question 11

A woman has been taking large doses of aspirin for six months to reduce back pain due to arthritis. This is most likely to affect the absorption of _________.
a.) vitamin D
b.) vitamin A
c.) vitamin E
d.) zinc
e.) iron

Answer 11

e.) iron

Question 12

Absorption of ________ appears to increase with aging.
a.) calcium
b.) potassium
c.) iron
d.) vitamin A
e.) vitamin D

Answer 12

d.) vitamin A

Question 13

An adolescent boy has developed extensive acne on his face and wants advice on how to help improve it. What should he do?
a.) Avoid eating French fries
b.) Take vitamin A supplements because they can cure acne.
c.) Avoid consumption of chocolate because it worsens acne.
d.) Stay out of the sun because it increases inflammation.
e.) Try to reduce his stress levels.

Answer 13

e.) Try to reduce his stress levels.

Question 14

An adolescent girl drinks diet cola instead of milk because she wants to control her weight. What advice would you give her to help her develop peal bone mass?
a.) Eat high-calcium snacks such as low-fat yogurt or cheese in place of empty-calorie snacks.
b.) Take a calcium supplement with the diet cola.
c.) Stop drinking diet colas immediately.
d.) Reduce your physical activity so you won’t need as much calcium to build bones.
e.) Increase your physical activity to make up for the low calcium intake.

Answer 14

a.) Eat high-calcium snacks such as low-fat yogurt or cheese in place of empty-calorie snacks.

Question 15

An elderly widower is having difficulty preparing meals and eating by himself. What advice would you give him?
a.) Eat often in restaurants because the meals are balance nutritionally.
b.) Share your meals and time with others by inviting friends to dinner.
c.) Start using Meals on Wheels.
d.) Purchase frozen dinners because they contain all the necessary food groups.
e.) Avoid mixed dishes because they contain too many calories per serving.

Answer 15

b.) Share your meals and time with others by inviting friends to dinner.

Question 16

An elderly woman in a nursing home no longer goes outside to enjoy the sunshine and fresh air, has reduced her meal intake because her dentures don’t fit well, and has recently been having difficulty concentrating on conversations with others. These symptoms indicate a deficiency of ____.
a.) vitamin C and vitamin E
b.) vitamin C and thiamin
c.) vitamin D and vitamin B12
d.) vitamin K and riboflavin
e.) vitamin A and folate

Answer 16

c.) vitamin D and vitamin B12

Question 17

An elderly woman wants to begin an exercise program to keep herself healthy. What would you advise?
a.) Resistance training may accelerate muscle loss and should be avoided.
b.) She should aim for 150 minutes of exercise or whatever she can safely perform each week.
c.) She should limit exercise to seated, upper-body workouts so she doesn’t elevate her heartrate.
d.) It is too late to begin an exercise program if she has not been exercising previously.
e.) She should perform vigorous weight-bearing exercise if she has lost bone density.

Answer 17

b.) She should aim for 150 minutes of exercise or whatever she can safely perform each week.

Question 18

At mealtimes, the best way to be sure children are receiving adequate nutrition from the foods they eat is to:
a.) allow them to select from am variety of nutritious foods you have prepared.
b.) make them eat everything you have put on their plates.
c.) offer only the most nutrient-dense foods
d.) allow them to make all food decisions as determine by their favorites.
e.) remove a food they don’t like and not force them to eat it

Answer 18

a.) allow them to select from am variety of nutritious foods you have prepared.

Question 19

Normal, everyday causes of “hyper” behavior in children include all of the following except:
a.) lack of sleep
b.) caffeinated drinks
c.) excess television
d.) regular physical activity
e.) missed meals

Answer 19

d.) regular physical activity

Question 20

One of the main effects of physical activity in the elderly is:
a.) poor balance
b.) a weakened immune system
c.) an improved quality of life
d.) involuntary weight loss
e.) decreased food consumption

Answer 20

c.) an improved quality of life

Question 21

A major cause of preventable cretinism among the poor is:
a.) iodine deficiency
b.) zinc deficiency
c.) vitamin a deficiency
d.) iron deficiency
e.) folate deficiency

Answer 21

a.) iodine deficiency

Question 22

As consumers, we can purchase foods that require a low energy input by:
a.) buying legumes and whole grains
b.) purchasing frozen corn on the cob rather than fresh corn
c.) buying grain-fed rather than grass-fed beef
d.) purchasing more animal than plant proteins
e) purchasing more processed foods

Answer 22

a.) buying legumes and whole grains

Question 23

By choosing “Fair Trade” items, you are:
a.) causing the destruction of natural resources
b.) saving money
c.) contributing to the destruction to fisheries
d.) eradicating food insecurity
e.) promoting sustainable business practices

Answer 23

e.) promoting sustainable business practices

Question 24

Identify a distinguishing feature of kwashiorkor:
a.) Rashes
b.) Obesity
c.) Edema
d.) Blindness
e.) Spasms

Answer 24

c.) Edema

Question 25

Living in a country that is at war or lacks transportation can lead to:
a.) food wastage
b.) marginal food insecurity
c.) food poverty
d.) food recovery
e.) food security

Answer 25

c.) food poverty

Question 26

RUTF:
a.) is only used by adults
b.) is a high-calorie edible paste
c.) must be refrigerated for safety
d.) is a treatment for dehydration
e.) is a federal food relief program

Answer 26

b.) is a high-calorie edible paste

Question 27

Shelly, an eight-year-old child from a low-income family, is displaying symptoms such as growth failure, diarrhea, and pneumonia. Which of the following is Shelly most likely suffering from?
a.) Vitamin A deficiency
b.) Folate deficiency
c.) Iron deficiency
d.) Zinc deficiency
e.) Iodine deficiency

Answer 27

d.) Zinc deficiency

Question 28

Students can help reduce hunger in the US by:
a.) eating fewer meals away from home or in the university cafeteria.
b.) leaving leftovers in the park for the homeless
c.) eating vegetarian once a week
d.) arguing against policies designed to increase the minimum wage.
e.) organizing a food drive for a community food pantry

Answer 28

e.) organizing a food drive for a community food pantry

Question 29

Switching to locally grown food helps:
a.) prevent the development of foodborne illnesses
b.) improve the community’s carbon footprint
c.) save excess money
d.) limit the damage done to the environment
e.) increase the consumption of nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables

Answer 29

d.) limit the damage done to the environment

Question 30

The combination go hunger and poverty is hard for people to overcome in many poor countries because:
a.) hunger prevents them from being able to work hard and improve their economic status.
b.) not enough schools are available for the children to attend
c.) there is not enough available land for them to purchase and grow more food
d.) they don’t have access to the medication needed to treat malnutrition

Answer 30

a.) hunger prevents them from being able to work hard and improve their economic status.

Question 31

Which of the following is a long-term effect of irrigation?
a.) It leads to algae overgrowth in waterways.
b.) It increases the emission of methane gases.
c.) It increases greenhouse emissions.
d.) It accelerates the extinction of soil microbes.
e.) It adds minerals to agricultural land.

Answer 31

a.) It leads to algae overgrowth in waterways.

Question 32

The predominant form of hunger in the United States today is caused by:
a.) insufficient money to purchase food.
b.) inadequate farmland.
c.) insufficient food available for purchase.
d.) political barriers.
e.) shortage of food programs available to the public.

Answer 32

a.) insufficient money to purchase food.

Question 33

In the Unites States, approximately ______ of the food produced is wasted.
a.) 60%
b.) 55%
c.) 25%
d.) 40%
e.) 10%

Answer 33

d.) 40%

Question 34

How is purchasing more locally grown and produced foods beneficial to the environment?
a.) It halts the spread of foodborne illnesses.
b.) It saves money.
c.) It improves the community’s carbon footprint
d.) It requires less packaging and transportation
e.) It increases consumption of nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables.

Answer 34

d.) It requires less packaging and transportation

Question 35

A farmer avoids tiling the soil when planting crops and tries to minimize disruption of ground plants and root systems. This is a principle of _____.
a.) precision agriculture
b.) organic farming
c.) farm sharing
d.) agroecology
e.) biodiverse farming

Answer 35

d.) agroecology

Question 36

What are dead zones?
a.) They refer to the vast net cages in ocean inlets or freshwater lakes that are used to cultivate seafood.
b.) They refer to the pressure placed on water resources by human activities.
c.) They refer to the areas that have been damaged because of heavy storms eroding the topsoil.
d.) They are columns of oxygen-depleted ocean water in which marine life cannot survive.
e.) They refer to a a specific area of land that is infertile.

Answer 36

d.) They are columns of oxygen-depleted ocean water in which marine life cannot survive.

Question 37

The purpose of food recovery program is to:
a.) provide prepared meals that can be eaten on-site.
b.) collect canned goods from homes to donate to individuals who need food.
c.) collect leftover produce to sell at homeless shelters.
d.) collect wholesome surplus food for distribution to needy individuals.
e.) provide job opportunities for individuals in the food sector.

Answer 37

d.) collect wholesome surplus food for distribution to needy individuals.

Question 38

What is a characteristic seen in US children who live in poverty?
a.) A diet consisting primarily of protein
b.) A reduced risk of obesity
c.) Fewer absences from school
d.) Fewer illnesses
e.) A diet consisting of inexpensive, low-nutrient foods

Answer 38

e.) A diet consisting of inexpensive, low-nutrient foods

Question 39

A local orchard is selling their apples by offering “pick your own” days for consumers to come pick up the apples themselves. What environmental impact could this action possibly have?
a.) Reducing irrigation costs
b.) Improving the economy by not hiring workers
c.) Educating people about deforestation
d.) Reducing the production of greenhouse gases by requiring less transportation
e.) Preserving the land

Answer 39

d.) Reducing the production of greenhouse gases by requiring less transportation

Question 40

What is a characteristic of colostrum?
a.) It is a secretion that contains antibodies from the mother’s blood.
b.) It makes the infant susceptible to certain diseases later in life.
c.) It promotes the growth of harmful bacteria in the infants digestive tract.
d.) It is produced only through the second month after the infant’s birth.
e.) It is an ingredient in breast milk as well as some brands of infant formula.

Answer 40

a.) It is a secretion that contains antibodies from the mother’s blood.

Question 41

During pregnancy, constipation can be relieved by:
a.) eating dry toast and crackers.
b.) reducing physical activity.
c.) increasing vegetable servings.
d.) avoiding food with offensive odors.
e.) increasing vitamin D intake.

Answer 41

c.) increasing vegetable servings.

Question 42

A woman who has just become pregnant is used to drinking 2 pots of a coffee a day. What adjustments should she make in her caffeine consumption?
a.) None- studies have shown that caffeine intake is safe during pregnancy.
b.) Reduce coffee intake by 50% to 1 pot per day.
c.) Eliminate coffee from her diet completely.
d.) Drink diet cola instead of coffee.
e.) Limit coffee consumption to a maximum of 2 cups per day.

Answer 42

e.) Limit coffee consumption to a maximum of 2 cups per day.

Question 43

What are the risks of hypertension during pregnancy?
a.) Is gestational hypertension, blood pressure will remain high even after delivery.
b.) Chronic hypertension is accompanied by protein in the urine.
c.) Both chronic and gestational hypertension increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
d.) Hypertension can cause the infant to be born with neural tube defects.
e.) Gestational hypertension increases the likelihood of high infant birthweight.

Answer 43

c.) Both chronic and gestational hypertension increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Question 44

All of the following are benefits to a mother who breastfeeds her infant except:
a.) protection against breast cancer.
b.) quicker weight loss.
c.) conservation of her iron stores
d.) contraction of her uterus
e.) protection against hypertension

Answer 44

b.) quicker weight loss.

Question 45

The energy needs of a mom who is breastfeeding are _____ above regular needs during the first six months.
a.) 240 cal
b.) 500 cal
c.) 340 cal
d.) 170 ccal
e.) 650 cal

Answer 45

b.) 500 cal

Question 46

Adrian is a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following foods can be fed to Adrian?
a.) Cheese
b.) Grapes
c.) Honey
d.) Textured vegetables
e.) Cow milk

Answer 46

d.) Textured vegetables

Question 47

Regularly getting a stomach ache after eating a particular food is an example of a food ______.
a.) neophobia
b.) intolerance
c.) allergy
d.) aversion
e.) hypersensitivity

Answer 47

b.) intolerance

Question 48

An initial goal for children who are overweight or mildly obese is to:
a.) determine the best medication option.
b.) determine surgical options for weight loss.
c.) maintain their current weight while they grow taller.
d.) have them consume less than 130 grams of carbohydrates each day.
e.) avoid making lifestyle changes until early adulthood.

Answer 48

c.) maintain their current weight while they grow taller.

Question 49

Is lead poisoning still a problem for young children?
a.) Yes, because they may still have access to canned foods with high lead content
b.) Yes, because almost all toys marked to children contain high amounts of lead
c.) No, because water coming into houses from treatment plants contain no lead
d.) Yes, because children still have nutrient deficiencies that increase the absorption of lead
e.) No, because current medical treatments can reverse damage to the body.

Answer 49

d.) Yes, because children still have nutrient deficiencies that increase the absorption of lead

Question 50

A nutrient required to produce key neurotransmitters that regulate children’s ability to pay attention is _________.
a.) calcium
b.) iron
c.) vitamin C
d.) vitamin D
e.) folate

Answer 50

b.) iron

Question 51

What is the primary cause of iron deficiency in older adults?
a.) Low food intake due to diminished appetite.
b.) Decreased absorption
c.) A lack of vitamin C in iron-rich meals
d.) Use of aspirin, anticoagulants, and arthritis medicine
e.) Antiacid use

Answer 51

a.) Low food intake due to diminished appetite.

Question 52

Alivia is a 72-year-old woman who participates in an exercise class three times a week. In addition, she drinks seven glasses of water each day and regularly consumes fresh fruits and vegetables as well as whole grain breads and cereals. Alivia has high blood pressure, takes medication for her hypertension, and experiences constipation frequently. What is the most likely cause of her constipation?
a.) High fluid intake
b.) High-fat intake
c.) Insufficient exercise
d.) High fiber intake
e.) Medication

Answer 52

e.) Medication

Question 53

In the United States, the average person can expect to live _____.
a.) 81 years
b.) 85 years
c.) 125 years
d.) 65 years
e.) 79 years

Answer 53

e.) 79 years