16 Marker Surgery

Question 1

Warfare medieval

Answer 1

100 yrs war John arderne and European coming into contact with Muslim doctors, more hygienic methods, scalpels

Question 2

Warfare early modern

Answer 2

Paré in Italian war, John Hunter in seven years war

Question 3

Warfare 19th century

Answer 3

Crimean war Florence nightingale

Question 4

Warfare 20th century

Answer 4

WWI mobile x ray units, blood banks, harold gillies, 1914 80% broken femurs died, 1916 80% lived

Question 5

Communication early modern

Answer 5

Vesalius de humani, John Hunter history of teeth

Question 6

Communication 19th century

Answer 6

Pasteur germ theory 1861 inspired lister carbolic acid, Koch and ehrlich

Question 7

Communication 20th century

Answer 7

Phones tvs internet, BMJ British medical journal, cat mri keyhole

Question 8

Individuals medieval

Answer 8

Abulcasis distillation, surgery last resort, plan, artificial teeth from bone

Question 9

Individuals early modern

Answer 9

Da Vinci, John Hunter company of surgeons

Question 10

Individuals 19th century

Answer 10

James Simpson chloroform, lister carbolic acid antiseptic

Question 11

Individuals 20th century

Answer 11

Fleming mould, Florey and chain, 15% soldiers

Question 12

Judgements

Answer 12

Warfare accelerator of change throughout mostly world wars but sporadic impact, individuals consistent but accepted and trialled more in warfare, their ideas help later gens with communication