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AQA History A-Level - The Stuarts COPY > 1629-42 > Flashcards

1629-42 Flashcards

1
Q

Political positives of the Personal Rule were:

A
  • The policy of ‘Thorough’ - a streamlining of the administration system
  • The Book of Orders’ -
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2
Q

Negatives of the Personal Rule were:

A
  • Ship Money kept JPs busy
  • No significant changes to Government
  • Laud appointed his own supporters in the Privy Council
  • Fear of Charles creating absolutism
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3
Q

Negatives of the Personal Rule were:

A
  • Ship Money kept JPs busy
  • No significant changes to Government
  • Laud appointed his own supporters in the Privy Council
  • Fear of Charles creating absolutism
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4
Q

Personal rule - finance facts

A

In 1629, Charles was 2M in debt and paying 4)5 of his money on the court. He tried new ways of raising money

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5
Q

Finance positives

A

Ship money - ships defend the country, tax was mostly successfully collected, gained £107,000 yearly

Book of rates - £425,000 a year, recusancy fines - £5300 per year in 1620 but £26,000 per year in 1634. Wardship increased by 1/3 and by 1637 Charles had balanced the budget.

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6
Q

Finance negatives

A
  • Complaints against Ship Money
  • Hampden case
  • Monopolies on soap
  • Forest fines
  • Kinghtships
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7
Q

Personal rule - religion facts

A

Puritanism versus arminianism, 1633 Laud becomes the Archbishop of Canterbury, Laudian reforms - less Bible and preaching, more ritual and ceremony. Scotland were Presbyterianism, but they had no Parliament to complain to, they hated Bishops and wanted to appoint their own ministers. Also book of Sports in 1633 and Laud’s beauty of holiness - seemed close to Catholicism.

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8
Q

Personal rule - religion facts

A

Puritanism versus arminianism, 1633 Laud becomes the Archbishop of Canterbury, Laudian reforms - less Bible and preaching, more ritual and ceremony. Scotland were Presbyterianism, but they had no Parliament to complain to, they hated Bishops and wanted to appoint their own ministers. Also book of Sports in 1633 and Laud’s beauty of holiness - seemed close to Catholicism.

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9
Q

Religion - negatives

A
  • The court seemed increasingly Catholic - Maria and her ceremonies and the Pope visited in 1637.
  • Religion was forcibly reformed - people felt it was an assault on her freedoms
  • Prerogative courts enforced this
  • Bishops checked up on ministers
  • Burton, Bastwick and Prynne - phamplets and punishment
  • 1637 - St Giles protest about the new Prayer book being introduced into Scotland
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10
Q

Tensions - 1637 Hampden Case

A

Refusal to pay ship money, not upheld by the court

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11
Q

Tensions - 1637 - Burton, Bastwick and Prynne

A

Had their ears cropped and were branded for printing pham-let’s against Laudianism. Biggest surprise was that they were nobles.

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12
Q

Tensions - 1632 - Wentworth in Ireland

A

Wentworth achieved 6 subsidies, custom duties, Powers of the Privy council, claimed land and fined opposition

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13
Q

Tensions - 1637 - New Prayer Book issued in Scotland - led to the Bishops Wars

A

New Prayer book issued in St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh - led to massive protest about the introduction of Bishops led to Bishops’s wars

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14
Q

Tensions - 1637 - New Prayer Book issued in Scotland - led to the Bishops Wars

A

New Prayer book issued in St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh - led to massive protest about the introduction of Bishops led to Bishops’s wars

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15
Q

Bishops wars

A
  • 1637 - St Giles Cathedral
  • 1638 - Scottish National Covenant - General Assembly
  • 1639 - Charles raised an army of 15,000 - it fails
  • Treaty of Berwick
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16
Q

Short Parliament

A

Charles wanted 12 subsidies and would give up ship money. Parliament refused, Charles dissolved it. Scots occupy Newcastle and sign the Treaty of Ripon. They will not leave, but will charge £850 per day they occupy Ripon

17
Q

1640

A

Opening of the Long Parliament

18
Q

Pym’s Junto is

A

A group around John Pym, who were religious radicals and Puritans

19
Q

In the Long Parliament - 1640 -, what does Pym concede?

A

Triennial Act - The act required that Parliament meet for at least a fifty-day session once every three years and would only dissolve with its own consent

20
Q

Root and Branch Petition 1640

A

To end bishops, and have root and branch change to the church - getting rid of Arminianism. Pym’s Junto encouraged the London Mob and with 15,000 to sign it.

21
Q

1641 - Execution

A

Execution of Strafford - handed over by Charles (Act of Attainder)

22
Q

1641 - Army Plot revealed

A

A plot by Catholic Army officers to release and dissolve Parliament by force. Known as the First Army Plot.

23
Q

Act of Attainder

A

For Strafford found guilty of Treason there would need to be a trial, Parliament and then the Lords would need to vote, so Pym resorted to the Act of Attainder - effectively a death warrant, it only required a suspicion of guilt and no need for a trial. Passed by 204 to 59. Charles signed it under pressure from the London mob and Parliament.

24
Q

June 1641

A

T and P abolished

25
Q

August 1641

A

Ship Money declared illegal, knighthoods made illegal, forest fines banned, Court of High Commission and Star Chamber for enforcing Laud’s religious policy.

26
Q

October 1641

A

Irish Rebellion

27
Q

November 1641

A

Grand Remonstrance - By Pym criticising Charles.

  • A demand that Parliament should approve Charles’ ministers
  • A request that Parliament had move control over the military as Charles wasn’t trustworthy and could not be trusted to lead an army to quash the Irish rebellion
  • Approved by the Commons 159 vs 148 - showing Parl was divided
28
Q

December 1641 -

A

Aurthur Haselrig presented a Militia Bill to provide an army under control of Parliament.

29
Q

The 5 Members incident 1642

A

5 members had criticised HM and threatened to impeach her. Charles took an army to Parl to arrest them. They had gone.

30
Q

10 January 1642

A

Fearing for the safety of his family from the London mob, Charles fled London.

31
Q

March 1642

A

The Militia Bill - couldn’t be Law as Charles would not sign it.
A call to arms for Parliament instructing Lord Lieutenants to raise an army

32
Q

Commissions of Array

A

Call to arms for Royalists

33
Q

June 1642 - Nineteen Propositions

A

Parliament issued the Nineteen Propositions as a final basis for a negotiated settlement.
- Overhaul of the King’s ministers, but also approval from Parliament for the royal tutors and future royal marriages.
Rejected by the King

34
Q

August 1642

A

The King raised his standard in Nottingham

AQA History A-Level - The Stuarts COPY (4 decks)

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