1642 - 1649 Flashcards
Popular radicals
Levellers, Fifth monarchists, Ranters and the Diggers
The Newcastle propositions
Parliament offered Charles a settlement.
- Parl would nominate key officers of state
- Parl would control the militia for 20 years
- Bishops would be abolished and a Presby church would be created for 3 years
- Charles had to sign a covenant
- King’s treaty with the Irish would be annulled and the war would start again
- 58 Royalists would be exempt from pardon and punished for the involvement in the Civil War
Charles handed to the English
Scots realised Charles wouldn’t agree to a fully Presbyterian Church of England.
Parl angry when they found out Charles had been negotiating with the Scots since 1646
Charles seemed not to agree anything, he was sold to the English.
Scots left England in January 1647.
Charles’ response to the Newcastle propositions
He delayed for AGES…
He acknowledged a willingness to:
- surrender the military for 10 years (not 20)
- an experiment with Presbyterianism for 5 years, as long as the CofE would eventually be restored
- He would not agree to changing the governance of the church
May 1647
Agreed to a modified version of the propositions but only because he was negotiating with the Scots to regain his throne.
Divisions in the army
Presbys and independents
How divided was the army?
Attempt to disband them without arrears of pay, send 12,000 to Ireland and not give them indemnity made them a little cross!
Independents, presbys
The Army revolt, June 1647
Cornet Joyce captured the King. - leading officers stood with the army.
Gerneral Council of the Army was established - to discuss political issues
Representation of the Army
Demanded the expulsion of 11 Presby MPs and fresh elections
4th August 1647
Fairfax led his forces to London as a show of strength - Six Presby MPs fled abroad
The Heads of Proposals August 1647
Peace treaty offered to Charles
- Triennial Act repealed and replaced by Biennial Act
- Parliament nominate key officers of state for 10 years
- Parl control the militia for 10 years
- Bishops in the Church of England but no coercive powers
- 7 Royalists exempt from pardon (58 in Newcastle Propositions)
More reasonable than Newcastle Propositions
Grandees were more moderate
The putney debates - Oct 1647
The ‘case of the army truly stated’ own proposals and ‘an Agreement of the people’ potential settlement. Putney debates to discuss political settlement.
-Demanded complete religious freedoms and annual parliaments elected by all adult males
Charles escapes
He escaped from Hampton Court- ended up in Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight.
The Corkbush field mutiny
Putney debates ended with Charles’ exscpae to the disappointment of many. A group of radicals appeared at Corkbush field with the Agreement of the People. Cromwell rode into the ranks to restore order - and punish the leaders, one of whom was shot.
The Engagement - 26th December
Envoys from Scotland approached Charles on the Isle of Wight. Charles accepted it while rejecting the 4 Bills ( modified version of the newcastle propositions, in return for military assistance, he agreed to set up a Presby church for 3 years in England.
