1.7 -- ATP Synthesis Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the three aerobic respiration steps of glucose?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport
Aerobic respiration of glucose goes from C6H12O6 + O2 into 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + what?
ATP
Where does glycolysis occur and does it need oxygen?
Cytoplasm of the cell and it does not need oxygen
What are the net products of glycolysis?
2 ATP and 2 pyruvic acid molecules
How many ATPs does glycolysis use?
2 ATP
The 2 NADH made in glycolysis are oxidized to make what?
ATP
Before it can move to the citric acid cycle, the pyruvate molecules need to check if they have oxygen. If they do not, they are converted to what? This is also called anaerobic respiration
Lactate
Where does anaerobic metabolism take place and it eventually goes from the skeletal muscles to the liver to make glucose, which is what cycle?
Red blood cells and the Cori cycle
If there is oxygen with the pyruvate molecules, they will be transformed into what and where, starting the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix
The citric acid cycle produces what from each pyruvate molecule?
1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
For each glucose molecule in the citric acid cycle, it produces how many ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2?
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2
In oxidative phosphorylation/electron transport, the hydrogens from what two molecules are used but not transported like the electrons are?
NADH and FADH2
Where does electron transport take place and a huge H+ gradient is made, which transports across the membrane to mitochondrial matrix activates what, which makes ATP from ADP?
Intermembrane space and ATP synthase
What is the final electron acceptor which forms water and 30-32 ATP?
Oxygen
A variety of lipids, including ketone bodies, fatty acids, and cholesterol, can be made from what enzyme?
Acetyl CoA
What is it called when fatty acids combine with glycerol to form triglycerides in the adipose tissue and liver?
Lipogenesis
What is the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipolysis
Where does beta-oxidization occur and fatty acids are used to form what?
Mitochondrial matrix and acetyl CoA
A 16 length fatty acid molecule can lead to about how much ATP?
100 ATP
What are water-soluble molecules containing a ketone group?
Ketone bodies
What is produced by the liver from fatty acids?
Ketones
When are ketones produced?
Alongside gluconeogenesis
Our body can make how many acids, while how many are left over, being called essential amino acids?
12, 8
Amino acids are used to replace protein in the body but leave behind what element, which means the Urea cycle is needed to get rid of it? Where does urea formation take place?
Nitrogen and the liver
