17 Blood Vessels

Question 1

What is anastomosis?

Answer 1

The union of two blood vessels e.g. vertebral arteries fusing into basilar

Question 2

What is the inner space of a blood vessel called?

Answer 2

the lumen

Question 3

What are the three layers that made up the walls of blood vessels?

Answer 3

Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

Question 4

What type of cells line form the tunica intima?

Answer 4

simple squamous endothelium

Question 5

Where does vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur?

Answer 5

tunica media

Question 6

What is the tunica media made of?

Answer 6

circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers

Question 7

What type of fibers make up the tunica externa?

Answer 7

collagen and elastic fibers

Question 8

What is the thickest layer in arteries?

Answer 8

tunica media

Question 9

What is the thickest layer in veins?

Answer 9

tunica externa

Question 10

What internal structures distinguish the lumen of vein from arteries?

Answer 10

intralumenal valves

Question 11

What layers make up capillaries?

Answer 11

only tunica intima

Question 12

What is the order of vessels blood flows through from heart?

Answer 12

heart > elastic artery > muscular artery > arteriole> capillary > venule > medium vein > large vein > heart

Question 13

Which arteries are elastic arteries?

Answer 13

Aorta, brachiocephalic artery, common carotid, subclavian artery, common illiac arteries

Question 14

What is special about the external fibrous layers of elastic arteries?

Answer 14

High elastin content dampens pressure changes from cardiac output

Question 15

What characteristic behavior is observed in muscular arteries?

Answer 15

Thick tunica media actively contracting and relaxing to control lumen size and blood flow to tissues.

Question 16

What factors control arteriole diameter?

Answer 16

local tissue factors

sympathetic nervous system.

Question 17

What is the functional unit of caridovascular system? Why?

Answer 17

Capillaries. That is where nutrient, waste, and gas exchange occurs

Question 18

What are the three types of capillaries?

Answer 18

Continuous (most common)
Fenestrated
Sinusoid

Question 19

Where are fedestrated capillaries found?

Answer 19

Small intestine, most endocrine glands, kidneys

Question 20

Where are sinusoid capillaries found?

Answer 20

Bone Marrow, spleen, liver

Question 21

What controls the flow rate in capillaries?

Answer 21

precapillary sphincter

Question 22

what is the direct connection between arterioles and venules called?

Answer 22

thoroughfare channel.

Question 23

What is the primary location for diapedesis?

Answer 23

Venules

Question 24

What pumps the blood in veins back to the heart?

Answer 24

Skeletal muscle contractions

Question 25

What adult structure does the ductus arteriosus become?

Answer 25

ductus arteriosum

Question 26

What is it called when the ductus arteriosus stays open after birth?

Answer 26

Patent Ductus Arteriosis

Question 27

What is average blood pressure?

Answer 27

120/80

Question 28

What is the blood pressure threshold for hypertension?

Answer 28

140/90

Question 29

What percentage of deaths in the US can be partially attributed to atherosclerosis?

Answer 29

50%

Question 30

Which arteries are most affected by atherosclerosis?

Answer 30

aorta and coronary arteries

Question 31

What is atheroma?

Answer 31

Fatty plaque narrowing arterial lumen and thickening tunica intima

Question 32

What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm and what are the risk factors?

Answer 32

Localized dilation of blood vessels, most often arteries. Often caused by athererosclerosis.

Question 33

What is a thrombus?

Answer 33

a blood clot that forms in brain blood vessel

Question 34

What is an embolus?

Answer 34

a blood clot formed in another blood vessel

Question 35

What is a cerebrovascular accident?

Answer 35

A stroke.