17. The Foregut Flashcards
(33 cards)
Name the abdominal organ systems (4).
Gastrointestinal GI system
Biliary System
Pancreatic System
Renal (urinary) system
At what level does the esophagus enter the abdominen?
at T10
What are the 3 abdominal organ divisions?
- foregut
- midgut
- hindgut
Identify the various organs and the abdominal organ division they are found in.
FOREGUT:
a. esophagus
b. liver (on right)
c. spleen
d. gallblader (holds bile) (under liver)
e. stomach
f. pancreas (tucked into duodenum)
g. 1/2 duodenum
MIDGUT:
starts at 1/2 of the duodenum (g)
h. jejunum
i. ileum
(DJ ILEUM)
o. appendix
n. cecum (1st part of the colon)
j. ascending colon
k. 1first 2/3 transverse colon
HINDGUT
starts at last third of transverse colon
L. descending colon
m. sigmoid colon
p. rectum
How are the abdominal organ divisions categorized?
divisions depend from where it gets its blood supply.
- the foregut receives blood supply from celiac trunk
- the midgut receives blood supply from superior mesenteric artery
- the hindgut receives blood supply from inferior mesenteric artery
artery branches from abdominal aorta
identify the 3 parts of the esophagus.
cervical part
thoracic part
abdominal part (very small): part after it enters diaphragm at t10
Identify the various parts of the esophagus.
A. superior esophageal sphincter (made by the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle)
B. longitudinal muscle (contracts up and down)
C. circular muscle (squeezes)
D. inferior espphageal sphincter (thickening of wall to stop acid reflux)
What parts of the esophagus aid in peristalsis?
the longitudinal and circular muscle
What prevents acid reflux?
the inferior esophageal sphincter aided by the diaphragm: when you breathe in, it contracts and flattens and closes off sphincter
Where is the stomach situated in the abdominen?
in the upper left quadrant at the transpyloric plane (L1)
Identify the various parts of the stomach. Where is the opening of the stomach found?
- the opening of the stomach is found at the end of the stomach
a. esophagus
b. cardia
c. fundus
d. body
e. pyloric antrum
f. pyloric canal
g. pyloric sphincter (pylorus)
h. duodenum - green line: lesser curvature of stomach
- blue line: greater line of stomach
What lines the inside of the stomach?
Rugae: folds that allow stomach to strech when food enters
=> if in lab you see smooth lining: stomach was full, if see rugae: stomach was empty
Where do the jejunum and ileum situate in the adominen?
jejunum: upper left quadrant
ileum: lower right quadrant
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Identify the various parts of the duodenum. Identify wether the structure is retro or intreperitoneal.
A. D1: Superior part = intraperitoneal
B. D2: descending part : retroperitoneal
C. D3: inferior part: retroperitoneal
D. D4: ascending part :retroperitoneal and at end becomes intraperiotoneal because jejunum and ileum are intraperiotneal
What is D3 a landmark for?
for the superior mesentary artery
Where is the pancreas situated in the abdominen?
the pancreas is found in the lesser sac, behind the stomach and travels torwards spleen.
Identify the various parts of the pancreas. Is it a retroperitoneal or intreperitoneal organ? what is its function
a. head
b. neck
c. body
d. tail
purple: uncinate process
everything but the tail in retroperitoneal
fucntion: produces insule and digestive ensymes
Identify the organ in purple. Is it retroperotineal, intraperitoneal? In which sac is it found in? Where is it situated in the abdominen?
SPLEEN: bag of blood
- in greater sac
- intraperitoneal organ
- found between rib9 and rib11 (very superficial posteriorly
Identify the various structures.
blue: superior border
green: inferior border
red: anterior border
a. gastrosplenic ligament (from stomac)
b. left wall of lesser sac
c. splenorenal ligament (from kidney)
middle: hilum of spleen: contains splenic arteries and vein
Where is the liver located in the abdominen?
upper right quadrant on transpyloric plane L1
- rib 5-rib 9 anterior
- rib8-rib12 posteriorly
but size changes depending on lifestyle
Identify the various parts of the liver.
a. right lobe
b. left love
c. peritoneal fold
d. falciform ligament
e. ligamentum teres: sealing off of ductus venosus
f. ductus venosus
g. placenta (of mother)
h. left triangular ligament
i. inferior vena cava
j. caudate lobe (tail)
k. quadrate lobe
L. gallblader
m. bare area (where peritoneum doesnt cover liver)
n. coronary ligament
o. right triangular ligament
p. left lobe
q. right lobe
Why do you get cramps on your right side when running?
your diaphragm pushes against your liver
What is found behind the liver?
the gallblader
