Family of orientation
The family in which one grows up consisting of oneself and ones parents and siblings
Family of procreation
The family that one establishes through marriage consisting of oneself and ones spouse and children
Nuclear family
Composed of one or two parents and their children
Extended family
Composed of parents and children. As well as other kin
Arranged marriages
Marriage in which partners are selected by a couples parents
Marriage
A legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity and childbearing
Monogamy
United two partners
Serial monogamy
A person may have several spouses in his it here life but only one at a time
Polygamy
United a person with two or more spouses
Polygyny
Two or more women
Polyandry
Two or more men in
Patriarchal
Men dominate in family in decision making
Matriarchal
Women dominate in family in decision making
Egalitarian family
Spouses are regarded as equals
Cohabitation
Sharing of a household by an unmarried couple
Domestic partnerships
Household partnerships in which an unmarried couple lives together in a committed, sexually intimate relationship and is granted the same rights and benefits
Infertility
Inability to conceive after a year of unprotected sexual relations
Adoption
Legal process through which the rights and duties of parenting are transferred from a child’s biological and or legal parents to a new parent or legal parent
Divorce
Legal process of dissolving a marriage that allows former spouses to remarry if they so choose
Profane
An ordinary element of everyday life
Sacred
Something set apart as extraordinary, inspiring awe and reverence
Religion
Social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred
Manifest functions
Are those that are open and stated
Latent functions
Are unintended, covert or hidden
Religious beliefs
Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere
Religious rituals
Practices required or expected of members of a faith
Church
Type of religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society
Sect
Type of religious organization that stands apart from the larger society
Cult
Religious organization that is largely outside a society’s cultural traditions
Ethicalism
Emphasizes moral principles as guides for living a religious life
Animism
The belief that elements of the natural world are conscious life forms that affect humanity
Simple supernaturalism
The belief that supernatural is the belief that supernatural forces affect people’s lives positively or negatively
Secularization
Historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and sacred
Education
The social institution through which society provides its member with important knowledge
Hidden curriculum
Refers to standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in school
Tracking
Assignment to different types of educational programs often on the basis of their test scores and other criteria
Functional literacy
A lack of the reading and writing skills needed for everyday living
Desegregation
The abolition of legally sanctioned racial ethnic segregation
Integration
The implementation of specific action to change the racial ethnic and or class composition of the student body
Age stratification
Unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege among people at different stags of the life course
Ageism
Prejudice and discrimination against older people
Senescence
The natural physical process of aging
Disengagement Theory
To the idea that society functions in an orderly way by removing people from positions of responsibility as they reach old age
Activity Theory
The idea that a high level of activity increases personal satisfaction in old age
Euthanasia
Assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease
5 stages
Denial
Sex
Refers to the biological distinction between females and males
Gender
Refers to the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being male and female
Primary sex characteristics
Organs used for reproduction
Secondary sex characteristics
Bodily differences apart from the genitals
Objectification
The process whereby some people treat other individuals as if they were objects or things
Gender stratification
The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women
Gender roles
Attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex
Sexual orientation
A persons romantic and emotional attraction to another person
Homophobia
discomfort over close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual
Intersexual
Human beings with some combination of female and male characteristics
Transsexual
People who feel they are one sex even though biologically they are the other
Transgender
Appearing or behaving in ways that challenge conventional cultural norms concerning how females and males should look and act
Body conscious
How a person perceived and feels about his or her body
Anorexia
A person has lost 25% of body weight due to the compulsive fear or becoming fat
Bulimia
A person binges by consuming large quantities of food and then purges the food by induced vomiting, excessive exercise, laxatives or fasting
Obesity
Individuals are 20% or more above their desirable weight
Sexism
The belief that one sex is innately superior to the other
Sexual harassment
Comments, gestures or physical contacts or a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome
Gender Bias
Behavior that shows favoritism toward one gender over the other
Family
A social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another including any children