2. Acid/Base Reactions

Question 1

what is a bronsted lowry acid?

Answer 1

a molecule that gives protons

Question 1

what is a bronsted lowry base and what is it used to do?

Answer 1

a molecule that accepts protons from another molecule and is used to deprotonate compounds

Question 2

what happens when an acid and a base react together?

Answer 2

they form a conjugate acid and base

Question 3

what is an Arrhenius acid?

Answer 3

a substance that dissociates in water and gives off protons

Question 4

what is an Arrhenius base?

Answer 4

a substance that dissociates in water and gives of hydroxides

Question 5

what is a Lewis acid?

Answer 5

a substance that collects electrons from a covalent bond

Question 6

what is a Lewis base?

Answer 6

a substance that gives electrons to form a covalent bond

Question 7

what happens to the pka and the acidity when ka goes up?

Answer 7

pka goes down and acidity goes up

Question 8

what will a strong acid produce when dissolved in a solvent in terms of its conjugate?

Answer 8

a weak base that is stable

Question 9

what will a weak acid produce when dissolved in a solvent in terms of its conjugate?

Answer 9

a strong base that is unstable

Question 10

what is electronegativity?

Answer 10

how much an atom attracts electrons toward itself

Question 11

what happens to the stability of a base as it gets more electronegative?

Answer 11

the base becomes more stable

Question 12

what happens to the stability as a base gets larger?

Answer 12

the base becomes more stable

Question 13

what happens to the stability of a base with more resonance?

Answer 13

the base becomes more stable

Question 14

what happens to the stability as a base has more s-character?

Answer 14

the base becomes more stable

Question 15

what happens to the stability of a base when there is presence of an electronegative atom?

Answer 15

the base becomes more stable

Question 16

what happens to acidity the more stable a molecule is?

Answer 16

acidity increases

Question 17

how can you tell in which direction the equilibrium arrow will lie?

Answer 17

the direction of the reaction that is less acidic

Question 18

what is the job of pH?

Answer 18

measure how acidic a solution is

Question 19

what is the job of pKa?

Answer 19

measure how acidic a hydrogen atom is on a molecule

Question 20

what is the concentration of acid and its conjugate base if ph=pka?

Answer 20

the concentration of acid and its conjugate base is the same

Question 21

how do amino acids differ?

Answer 21

in their side chain

Question 21

what are the functional groups of amino acids?

Answer 21

amino acid and carboxylic acid

Question 22

what does it mean if the pH is between 1 and 3?

Answer 22

the solution is acidic

Question 23

what does it mean if the pH is between 6 and 8?

Answer 23

the solution is neutral

Question 24

what does it mean if the pH is between 11 and 13?

Answer 24

the solution is a basic

Question 25

what are the characteristics of an acidic amino acid?

Answer 25

-added hydrogen to the amino group so there are three hydrogens -plus sign at animo group because hydrogen was added -carboxylic acid keeps the hydrogen in the hydroxyl component

Question 26

what are the characteristics of a neutral amino acid?

Answer 26

-the amino group has three hydrogens and a plus sign -hydrogen is taken away from the hydroxyl component of the carboxylic acid and now there is a negative charge -both positive and negative charge

Question 27

what are the characteristics of a basic amino acid?

Answer 27

-amino group has only two hydrogens and no positive charge -hydrogen is taken away from the hydroxyl component of the carboxylic acid and now there is a negative charge

Question 28

what is the formula to calculate pH?

Answer 28

negative log of the H+

Question 29

what is the formula to calculate pKa/pKb?

Answer 29

negative log of ka/kb

Question 30

is a molecule deprotonated or protonated if the pH is lower than the pKa?

Answer 30

protonated, protons added

Question 31

is a molecule deprotonated or protonates if the pH is higher than the pKa?

Answer 31

deprotonated, protons taken away