2009 module exam Flashcards by Survive Medical School

Which muscle is responsible for shrugging off against resistance?

Trapezius

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscle is used for pushing the trunk up while climbing a tree?

Latissmus dorsi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which movement will be lost when a fracture to the tip of the acromion occur?

Flexion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which nerve is affected for lateral rotation beyond 15 degrees?

Axillary nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is a consequence of rotator cuff muscle injury?

Painful arc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscle is used for manual drive screw to wood?

Biceps brachii

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which artery is responsible for superficial palmar arch?

Ulnar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is the most common bone of the hand related to fractures?

Scaphoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which artery runs laterally to pisiform bone?

Ulnar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscle is used for medial rotation of humerus?

Subscapularis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which nerve is formed by medial root?

Ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following causes a claw hand?

Damage to inferior brachial plexus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which nerve forms the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm?

Musculocutaneous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which nerve damage causes winging of scapula?

Long thoracic nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Damage to musculocutaneous nerve would cause a loss of?

Flexion of forearm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flexion of the MCP and PIP joints of the ring and little fingers is due to a problem in the…

Palmar aponeurosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which structure exits from the lesser sciatic foramen?

Obturator internus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which ligament is responsible for preventing overextension of the hip joint?

Iliofemoral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the main blood supply to the head and neck of the femur bone?

Medial circumflex femoral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the major flexor of the thigh?

Iliopsoas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following flexes the knee joint?

Biceps femoris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the main muscle that causes dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot?

Tibialis anterior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is a part of the knee capsule?

Popletius

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Patient does flexion of the left knee, then internal rotation,
then abduction, then extension, and you hear crackling sounds. What is the cause of the sounds?

Lateral meniscus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which nerve is found near the biceps femoris and the shaft of the tibia?

Common peroneal nerve

Which are responsible for adduction of the toes of the leg?

Plantar interossei

Avulsion of the subtalar joint would prevent

Inversion + eversion

Which is supplied by medial plantar nerve?

Abductor hallicus

Which is a competitive inhibitor for xanthine oxidase?

Allopurinol (we know the LT says it’s a non-competitive inhibitor, but in the net it says that it is competitive in low doses, and there is no other right answer)

What is given for induction of labor?

PGE2

Which drug is used when acetaminophen is toxic?

Acetylcysteine

Which drug is used when RA with peptic ulcer disease?

Celexocib

Which drug is mainly for IBD?

Sulfasalazine

Which drug reverses the action of methotrexate?

Leucovorin

Which drug inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase?

Leflunomide

What would happen if Na/K pump is blocked?

Resting membrane potential collapse

What causes the unidirectional propagation of AP?

Hyperpolarization in refractory period

What is the docking protein in nerve terminal?

Synaptobrevin + syntaxin

What is retrieval of vesicle membrane from the nerve | membrane called?

Endocytosis

What’s the outcome of giving α-latrotoxin (from black widow spider)?

Ca independent exocytosis

What is the likely cause of decreased muscle contraction/twitch?

Decreased Ca at muscle fibers

What’s responsible for the initiation of ATP-dependent power stroke movement between actin and myosin?

Myosin-head

What causes maximum contraction of muscles?

Complete overlap between actin and myosin

Unstimulated muscle is stretched by a tool from both sides

Increased passive tension

Muscle continuous stimulation of 80 Hz

Induction of tetanization

High energy for short periods is modulated by

Creatine phosphate

Allosteric activator of glycolysis and glyconeolysis

AMP

What is the regulator of fatty acid in aerobic metabolism?

AMP-Activated Kinase

Which cell is responsible for bone resorption?

Osteoclasts

Which disease is caused by a mutation to FGFR3?

Achondroplasia

Which disease is caused by a mutation to SQSTM1?

Paget’s disease | The SQSTM1, TNFRSF11A, and TNFRSF11B genes are involved in bone remodeling

Which disease is caused by 1α-hydroxylase?

Rickets

Most common cause of septic arthritis?

S. Aureus

7-year-old patient with osteomyelitis and sickle cell anemia?

Salmonella typhi

Treatment of osteomyelitis caused by salmonella?

Ciprofloxacin

Treatment of multi-drug resistant S.Aureus?

Vancomysin

45-year-old patient with arthritis and bright red cheeks. Fluid analysis revealed the presence of viral DNA. Whats the causative agent?

Parvovirus B19

35-year-old patient with arthritis after traveling to a tropical country and getting bit by a mosquito

Dengue virus

Joint aspiration for a patient with osteomyelitis revealed intracellular budding yeast. What is the condition?

Histoplasmosis

Which is linked with both onset and intensity of pain?

Catastrophizing

Materials used in bone scan are more likely to behave similarly to

Phosphate

What is the common antigen that the antibody is directed to in RA?

IgG

How are immune complexes normally cleared from our body?

Complement

Patient with arthritis was diagnosed with parvovirus B19. | What’s the most likely outcome?

Disease will be self-limited within three weeks

42-year-old female with morning stiffness for one hour. T=37.5 and pressure is 140/90 with synovitis. What’s useful in diagnosis?

C-Reactive Protein

A patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis was seen to have subcutaneous nodules over his elbow. If we microscopically look at them, what will we found?

Granuloma

Patient with fever and chills was diagnosed with synovitis. What is the initial diagnostic approach to the patient?

Joint fluid analysis

55-year-old female who is on estrogen supplement therapy (EST) was diagnosed with SLE. What is your advice to her EST?

You should stop taking it to prevent lupus flares

Patients with SLE are characterized by

Production of anti-leukocyte antibodies

You can mainly differentiate between SLE and RA by the | presence of

Anti-double stranded DNA Antibody | anti-dsDNA antibody test is very specific for SLE

What’s meant by “all mtDNA are identical in a healthy individual at birth”?

Homoplasmy

Patient with lactic acidosis, hearing loss, and stroke is caused by

Mutation to mitochondrial tRNA

Mitochondrial diseases mainly affect the

Muscles

What is a special characteristic of collagen?

Triple helix

Which is the most frequent amino acid in collagen?

Glycine

Which of the following would lead to decreased uric acid | solubility?

Low pH

What is the molecule found in crystals in gout patients?

Monosodium Urate

How many of these has increased mortality? a. RA b. SLE c. OA

RA=YES OA=NO SLE=YES!

A 60-year-old male in casualty for 2 days and pain and effusion in his first MTP joint. It started 3 months ago with recurrent episodes since that time. Physical examination revealed redness and swelling with tophi formation in the 1st MTP joint. What’s the diagnosis?

Gout

Why is it hard to study the epidemiology of OA?

No correlation between radiological and clinical | manifestations

Patient with an injury to the C6-C7 zygopophyseal joint. What will be affected?

Spinal nerves

What innervates the superficial intrinsic muscles at the back?

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Which muscle is most commonly torn in the back?

Erector spinae

Which muscle is the major flexor of the vertebra?

Psoas major

What is the most common cause of low back pain?

Muscle strain

Which part gives the myotome?

Paraxial

Failure of fusion of vertebral arches causes

Spina bifida

Failure of one half of the vertebral centrum to ossify causes

Scoliosis

Which is a common malignant tumor that contains bone matrix | producing cells?

Osteosarcoma

Patient with swelling at right knee. Radiological studies showed “soap bubbles” and lesion composed of large osteoclastic cells. What's the diagnosis?

Giant cell tumor

Patient with bony lesion associated with translocation (11:22) and glygocen deposition

Ewing sarcoma

What is a characteristic of back pain?

It affects mostly people of working ages

Alveolar extremities examination revealed loss of sensation on the lateral 5th finger of the foot. Which nerve roots are affected?

L5-S1

Patients with intervertebral disk herniation are best diagnosed by

MRI

What is the best way to check for supraspinatus tendonitis?

MRI

We check X-Ray (lateral side) to see subluxation or whiplash | injury on the...

Cervical vertebra

We do MRI to check for the integrity and to find any tear in...

Glenoid labrum