2012

Question 1

MS disease progression types

Answer 1

# relapsing remitting form (85% of cases)- progression does not occur between attacks
# secondary progressive form (80% of
cases after 25 years) - a gradually
progressive course after an initial relapsing-remitting pattern;
# primary progressive form (10% of cases), -gradual progression of disability from clinical onset.
# progressive-relapsing form occurs rarely, with acute relapses being superimposed on a primary progressive course.

Question 2

Marcus Gunn pupil

RAPD

Answer 2

the swinging-flashlight test- whereupon the patient’s pupils constrict less

Question 3

MS - Examination in advanced cases commonly reveals…

Answer 3

optic atrophy, nystagmus, dysarthria, and upper motor neuron, sensory, or cerebellar deficits in some or all of the limbs

Question 4

CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE TUMOR

most common tumor

Answer 4

acoustic neuroma (schwannoma,)

Question 5

Neurofibromatosis 1

Answer 5

common AD - gene: neurofibromin 1 (NF1),
associated with
# unilateral acoustic neuromas,
# skin: café-au-lait spots on the skin, cutaneous neurofibromas, axillary or inguinal freckles,
# optic gliomas,
# iris hamartomas,
# dysplastic bony lesions.

Question 6

Neurofibromatosis 2

Answer 6

rare AD gene: neurofibromin 2 (NF2), 
# bilateral acoustic neuromas, 
# central or peripheral nervous system
tumors, including neurofibromas, meningiomas,
gliomas, and schwannomas.

Question 7

what is the disease?
festination (rapid shuffling steps and a forward-flexed posture when walking)
voice disorders
mask-like face expression 
small handwriting

Answer 7

parkinson

Question 8

conditions associated with CVA

Answer 8

vascular -
atherosclerosis
inflamatory: giant cell arthritis, SLE, polyartritis nodosa, CNS primary angitis, syphilis, AIDS
fibromuscular dysplasia
dissection
lucunar infarct
moyamoya
migrane
Venous or sinus thrombosis

Question 9

aca stroke presantation

Answer 9

1. contralateral paralysis and sensory loss affecting the leg.
2. Volun`tary control of micturition impared

Question 10

causes for mononuclear CSF

Answer 10

meningitis - viral, TB, parzits, fungul. 
GBS - only very very mild MPN
metastasis - none or very mild
SAH - non or PMN
lysteria - non or MPN
treated bacterail meningitis - mpn
untreated bacterial meningitis - pmn

Question 11

CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING

POLYNEUROPATHY (CIDP)

Answer 11

similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome except that it
follows a chronic progressive course.

#Weakness, hyporeflexia, or areflexia & sensory - distal upper or lower extermitis. - less but common - proximal. 
# paraesthesia upper extermity

steroid, IVIG

Question 12

guillain barre causes

Answer 12

1. follow minor infective illnesses,
   2, inoculations,
2. surgical procedures
3. without obvious precipitants

Question 13

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
gander?
pathophisiology
pain triggers 
sensory involvment
DD

Answer 13

women
trigeminal (V) nerve roots are close to a vascular structure, and microvascular compression followed by demyelination of the nerve is believed to cause the disorder.
Stimulation of trigger zones about the cheek, nose, or mouth by touch, cold, wind, talking, or chewing

no sensory envolvment
no trigeminal abnormal reflexes (corneal, jaw jerk)

similar pain may occur in
multiple sclerosis or brainstem tumors, which should be
considered in young patients

long-term spontaneous remission is rare

Question 14

anti musk

Answer 14

seronegatic MG

15%

Question 15

Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome (EMS) 
cause
clinical signs
lab
EMG
treatment

Answer 15

incurable, sometimes fatal flu-like neurological condition increases with larger doses of dietry tryptophan and increasing age.
muscle pain and weakness associated with inflammation of skin
lab - liver enzymes, leukocytosis, eosinophilia.
EMG - neuropathy, myopathy
treatment - steroids, NSIAD

Question 16

fredrich ataxia

Answer 16

AR
children
GGA repetition - mitochondrial protein disfunction
dorsal root ganglion degeneration, sensory axons, cerabelum

clinical signs - progressive gait ataxia, dysarthria, sensory gait ataxia
להם קשת גבוה ברגל, קיפוסקוליוזיס, קרדיומיופתיה, אופטיק אטרופי וסכרת. א-רפלקסיה בעיקר בקרסול ובברך.
אין טיפול.
תמותה - גיל 40. זיהומים וקרדיומיופתיה

Question 17

FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA

dd from alzhimer

Answer 17

frontal and temporal vs temporal and parietal

no memory loss (parietal)
no amyloid and plaques

Question 18

FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA

clinical findings

Answer 18

1. Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
2. Semantic dementia produces fluent aphasia, impaired comprehension and anomia
3. Progressive nonfluent aphasia
4. overlap parkinson or other diseases

Question 19

Multiple Sclerosis Cranial nerve…

Answer 19

2