At rtp, the first four members of the alkanes are all gases but the first four alcohols are liquid. Explain in terms of intermolecular forces
- Alcohols have hydrogen bonds (and induced dipole)
* Hydrogen bonds are stronger than induced dipoles (in alkanes)
Using le Chateliers principle predict the effect on equilibrium.
The gas mixture is compressed
• Equilibrium (position) shifts to right
AND turns paler (brown)•
Using le Chateliers principle predict the effect on equilibrium.
Placed in a warm water bath
• Equilibrium (position) shifts to left
AND turns darker/deeper (brown
• (Forward) reaction is exothermic
State two ways in which catalysts help make processes more sustainable
- Lower temperatures/lower pressures (can be used
* (Catalysts are often enzymes) generating specific products
Two sources of nitrogen oxides in the stratosphere
• Thunderstorms/lightning AND aircraft
Show how nitrogen monoxide catalyses the breakdown of ozone
- NO + O3 -> NO2 + O2
* NO2 + O -> NO + O2
The greenhouse effect of a gas in the atmosphere is dependent on two factors
- Abundance (in atmosphere)
- Ability to absorb infrared/IR (radiation
- Residence time