20.6: Genome Projects

Question 1

What is the genome

Answer 1

All the genetic material of an organism

Question 2

What is the proteome

Answer 2

All of the proteins the genetic material of an organism can produce at a given time in a given cell

Question 3

How is DNA sequenced

Answer 3

By Whole-Genome sequencing

Question 4

What is whole-genome sequencing

Answer 4

The method by which DNA is sequenced

It involves cutting DNA into many small, easily sequenced sections and then using compute algorithms to align overlapping segments

Question 5

Uses of whole-genome sequencing

Answer 5

Had produced many medical advanced.

1.4m SNP’s have been discovered (single nucleotide polymorphisms)

SNP’s are single-base variations in the genome that are associated with disease and other disorders

Question 6

Determining the genome and proteome of small organisms

Answer 6

Single organisms are easy because:

1. The vast majority of prokaryotes have just one small circular piece of DNA that isn’t associated with histones
2. There are NO introns (non-coding DNA)

Question 7

Uses of sequencing the genome and proteome of small organisms

Answer 7

1. Allows for the identification of antigens on pathogens

2. These antigens can be used to develop vaccines

Question 8

Determining the genome and proteome of complex organisms

Answer 8

Complex organisms are tricky because:

1. There are many non-coding portions of DNA (introns)
2. Some genes have the purpose of regulating other genes therefore they’re irrelevant

Only 1.5% of genes code for proteins