2.1 Herniation Flashcards Preview

GI > 2.1 Herniation > Flashcards

Flashcards in 2.1 Herniation Deck (13)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Borders of the inguinal canal

A

The inguinal canal is an oblique passage through the lower abdominal wall.
The anterior wall is composed of the aponeurosis of external oblique.
The floor is composed of the inguinal ligament and the lacunar ligament medially. The roof is the arching fibres of internal oblique and
transversus abdominus.
The posterior wall is composed of
transversalis fascia and the conjoint tendon medially.

2
Q

Indirect hernia

A

Indirect hernias exit the abdomen through the deep inguinal ring and pass into the inguinal canal to a variable distance. The hernia then exits the inguinal canal at the superficial canal. Some indirect hernias pass through to the scrotum.

3
Q

Which hernias are more common?

A
  • Indirect hernia is more common
  • Males are more affected (7:1 M:F)
  • Mainly right sided
4
Q

Direct hernia

A

Direct inguinal hernias pass directly through the abdominal wall in an area of potential weakness called Hesselbach’s triangle.

5
Q

Difference between indirect and direct inguinal hernias

A

• Anatomically indirect and direct inguinal hernias differ by their relationship to the inferior epigastric vessels and whether they
enter the inguinal canal or not.
• Indirect inguinal hernias pass laterally to the inferior epigastric vessels and direct hernias pass medially.
• Indirect enter inguinal canal via deep ring.

6
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Femoral hernias pass through the femoral ring and into the femoral canal. They are more common in females and are at risk of incarceration as the area of herniation is much more smaller - viscera contained in the hernia are more likely to be strangulated.

7
Q

Hernia definition

A

A hernia is a protrusion of part of the abdominal contents beyond
the normal confines of the abdominal wall.
A hernia consists of three parts (sac, contents, and coverings).
• Inguinal canal is the most common of these abdominal hernias.

8
Q

Borders of Hasselbach’s triangle

A

Area of potential weakness in the abdominal wall.

Medial
• Lateral edge of rectus abdominis
Superolateral
• Inferior epigastric vessels
Inferolateral
• Inguinal ligament
9
Q

How can an indirect inguinal hernia pass through to scrotum?

A

When passing through inguinal canal they can descend down to scrotum depending on where the processus vaginalis was obliterated. Sometimes the processus vaginalis is not obliterated (closed up) at all.

10
Q

Femoral canal borders

A

Bounded anteriorly by the inguinal ligament and posteriorly by the iliopectineal ligament, the pubic bone and the fascia over the pectineus muscle. Medially, the boundary is the edge of the lacunar ligament, while laterally it is separated from the femoral vein by a thin septum.

11
Q

Umbilical hernia

A
  • Commonly found in infants
  • Hernia (bulge) at the site of the umbilicus
  • Not usually painful
  • Generally close up by the age of 3
12
Q

(Para)umbilical hernia

A
  • Acquired in adults
  • Goes through linea alba in region of umbilicus
  • More common in females • • Risk factors include obesity/pregnancy (increase in intra-abdominal pressure)
  • Higher risk of strangulation (incarceration) as area of hernia is small.
13
Q

Herniation symptoms

A
  • Symptoms associated with which structures are herniated

* If loops of bowel get trapped - pain/vomiting and sepsis can occur