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Flashcards in 2.2 Deck (9)
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1
Q

What is / Def. Theorie of Egoism

A

By Smith: Action is morally right, if the actor freely decides an action to pursue either (short term) desire or (long term) interests. on a free market.

Human as focused on pursuing own interests.
?? Is this my long term interest?
?? Are all actors involved free to pursue self-interest?

2
Q

Whats critisism of Theorie of Egoism

A

Markets are not perfect:

  • Different levels of information
  • Imbalance of Power
  • Actors arent always rational and seek long termin interests
3
Q

What is / Def. Utilitarianism

A

By Bentham + Mill: Action is morally right if result bringt greatest amount of good for biggest number if people. (or least harm for smallest number) #happy people

Humans as Hedonist seeking pleasure avoiding pain

4
Q

Whats critisim of Utilitarianism

A

Subjectiv what is considered pleasure or pain

Problem of quantification of utility and its distrebution

5
Q

What is / Def. Ethics of Duty

A

by Kant
“Categorical Imperativ” as three maxims to test whether an action is ethical:

  1. Consistency (what if everbody?)
  2. Human Dignity
  3. Universal acceptability

Only if all three maxims are answered with “yes” is the action considered ethical.

Humans as: Rational actors consequently making rational decisions

6
Q

Whats critisim of Ethics of Duty

A

Undervaluing the outcome, fokus on decision
complexity - abstraction is necessary
Man as consequently rational actor is unrealistic

7
Q

Name the three pillars of UN Guiding Principles

A

Human Rights
1. Protect

  1. Respect
  2. Remedy
8
Q

Whats critisism of Theory of Justice

A
  • Ignores why people are in position of higher / lower advantage #diligence
  • does not compensate natural inequalities #handicaps
9
Q

What is / Def. Theory of Justice

A

By Rawls:
Everyone has the equal right to the same basic liberties

  • social & economic inequalities have to be arranged that the leas advantaged person still ist better off than before.
  • all positions open to all under the same conditions and equal opportunities