2.2.5B Specialised Cells Flashcards
Where are sperm cells found?
(1 mark)
In the testes
State the function of a sperm cell.
(1 mark)
Fertilisation
Name 4 features and adaptations of sperm cells.
(4 marks)
- Acrosome contains enzymes that break through an egg cell’s membrane.
- The nucleus contains half of the chromosomes in its DNA, which are from the father.
- Long tail and streamlined shape to ease movement.
- Middle piece contains mitochondria that produces energy.
Where are ciliated cells found?
(2 marks)
In the trachea; and the oviduct (of women)
State the function of ciliated cells.
(1 mark)
To get rid of mucus
Name 2 features and adaptations of ciliated cells.
(2 marks)
- Cilia are small hairs that beat back and forth.
- As well as sweeping mucus, they also sweep the egg cell towards the uterus.
Where are nerve cells located?
(1 mark)
Everywhere!
State the function of nerve cells.
(1 mark)
To carry electrical impulses around the body.
Name 3 features and adaptations of nerve cells.
(3 marks)
- Dendrites connect to other neurons.
- Myelin sheath for protection/insulation.
- Long axon for carrying electrical impulses.
Where are red blood cells found?
(1 mark)
In the blood.
State the function of red blood cells.
(1 mark)
To carry oxygen around the body.
Name 5 features and adaptations of red blood cells.
(5 marks)
- Flexible shape to squeeze through capillaries.
- Contains haemoglobin that merges with oxygen.
- No nucleus to make more space for haemoglobin.
- Large surface area.
- Biconcave shape to exchange oxygen.
Where are white blood cells found?
(1 mark)
In the blood.
State the function of white blood cells (phagocytes in particular).
(1 mark)
To engulf and digest pathogens.
Name 2 features and adaptations of phagocytes (white blood cells).
(2 marks)
- Nucleus allows for cell division.
- Flexible shape allows it to engulf pathogens.
