2.2.5B Specialised Cells

Question 1

Where are sperm cells found?

(1 mark)

Answer 1

In the testes

Question 2

State the function of a sperm cell.

(1 mark)

Answer 2

Fertilisation

Question 3

Name 4 features and adaptations of sperm cells.

(4 marks)

Answer 3

1. Acrosome contains enzymes that break through an egg cell’s membrane.
2. The nucleus contains half of the chromosomes in its DNA, which are from the father.
3. Long tail and streamlined shape to ease movement.
4. Middle piece contains mitochondria that produces energy.

Question 4

Where are ciliated cells found?

(2 marks)

Answer 4

In the trachea; and the oviduct (of women)

Question 5

State the function of ciliated cells.

(1 mark)

Answer 5

To get rid of mucus

Question 6

Name 2 features and adaptations of ciliated cells.

(2 marks)

Answer 6

1. Cilia are small hairs that beat back and forth.
2. As well as sweeping mucus, they also sweep the egg cell towards the uterus.

Question 7

Where are nerve cells located?

(1 mark)

Answer 7

Everywhere!

Question 8

State the function of nerve cells.

(1 mark)

Answer 8

To carry electrical impulses around the body.

Question 9

Name 3 features and adaptations of nerve cells.

(3 marks)

Answer 9

1. Dendrites connect to other neurons.
2. Myelin sheath for protection/insulation.
3. Long axon for carrying electrical impulses.

Question 10

Where are red blood cells found?

(1 mark)

Answer 10

In the blood.

Question 11

State the function of red blood cells.

(1 mark)

Answer 11

To carry oxygen around the body.

Question 12

Name 5 features and adaptations of red blood cells.

(5 marks)

Answer 12

1. Flexible shape to squeeze through capillaries.
2. Contains haemoglobin that merges with oxygen.
3. No nucleus to make more space for haemoglobin.
4. Large surface area.
5. Biconcave shape to exchange oxygen.

Question 13

Where are white blood cells found?

(1 mark)

Answer 13

In the blood.

Question 14

State the function of white blood cells (phagocytes in particular).

(1 mark)

Answer 14

To engulf and digest pathogens.

Question 15

Name 2 features and adaptations of phagocytes (white blood cells).

(2 marks)

Answer 15

1. Nucleus allows for cell division.
2. Flexible shape allows it to engulf pathogens.

Question 16

Where are palisade cells found?

(1 mark)

Answer 16

At the top of leaves.

Question 17

State the function of palisade cells.

(1 mark)

Answer 17

Photosynthesis; to provide food & energy for plants.

Question 18

Name 3 features and adaptations of palisade cells.

(3 marks)

Answer 18

1. Contains lots of chloroplasts to maximise photosynthesis.
2. Large permanent vacuole pushes chloroplasts to the edge of the cell to maximise photosynthesis.
3. Densely packed; aligned vertically.