2Y: Human Reproduction

Question 1

What is Reproduction?

Answer 1

Reproduction is the way that new individuals are made from their parents.

Question 2

What is Sexual Reproduction?

Answer 2

Sexual Reproduction means that two new parents are needed to form the new offspring. Each parents produces a cell to form a baby.

Question 3

What is a female cell and a male cell called?

Answer 3

The female cell is the egg and the male cell is is the sperm.

Question 4

What is the term for these two cells?

Answer 4

These two cells are called gametes (or sex cells).

Question 5

What is fertilisation?

Answer 5

The egg and sperm cells need to fuse(join together) to form the first cell of the baby. The joining of the egg and sperm cells is called fertilisation.

Question 6

What is the first cell of the new individual called?

Answer 6

The first cell of the new individual is called a Zygote.

Question 7

Name the 5 female reproductive parts?

Answer 7

1. Ovary
2. Fallopian Tube
3. Uterus(womb)
4. Cervix
5. Vagina

Question 8

What is the function of the Ovary?

Answer 8

The ovary produces egg (and hormones).

Question 9

What is the function of the Fallopian Tube?

Answer 9

The fallopian tube carries eggs from the Ovary to the Uterus. Fetilisation takes place here.

Question 10

What is the function of the Uterus(Womb)?

Answer 10

The uterus(womb) holds the baby during pregnancy.

Question 11

What is the function of the Vagina?

Answer 11

The vagina holds the penis during intercourse.

Question 12

What is the function of the Cervix?

Answer 12

The cervix is the entrance to the womb/uterus.

Question 13

Name the 5 male reproductive parts?

Answer 13

1. Testicle
2. Scrotum
3. Sperm Duct
4. Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicle
5. Penis

Question 14

What is the function of the Testicle?

Answer 14

The testicles produces sperm (and hormones).

Question 15

What is the function of the Scrotum?

Answer 15

The scrotum holds the testicles outside the body where it is slightly cooler.

Question 16

What is the function of the Sperm Duct?

Answer 16

The sperm duct carries sperm to the penis.

Question 17

What is the function of the Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicles?

Answer 17

The prostate gland and seminal vesicles produce liquid to nourish the sperm and allow it to swim.

Question 18

What is the function of the Penis?

Answer 18

The function of the penis is to transfer sperm to the female.

Question 19

What is the function of the Male Reproductive System? (2)

Answer 19

1. To produce sperm (male gametes).
2. To deliver the sperm to the female body.

Question 20

What is the function of the Female Reproductive System? (3)

Answer 20

1. To produce eggs (female gametes).
2. To hold and nourish the developing baby during pregnancy.
3. To give birth to the baby.

Question 21

What are the 2 part of the Male Gamete? (sperm)

Answer 21

1. The head - carries the DNA.
2. The tail - for swimming/movement.

Question 22

What is Puberty?

Answer 22

Puberty is the time when the sex organs mature and other physical and emotional changes take place.

Question 23

When does puberty begin in Boys?

Answer 23

Puberty begins in biys around 12-13 years old, but it can be earlier or later.

Question 24

What are some of the features that develop in boys during puberty? (5)

Answer 24

1. Testicles and penis grow.
2. Shoulders broaden and body nuscle increases.
3. Voice breaks and deepens.
4. Hair grows arouns the sex organs, face, chest and under arms.
5. Production of sperm begins.

Question 25

When does puberty begin in Girls?

Answer 25

Usually begins earlier than boys about 11-12 years, but again it can vary.

Question 26

What are some of the features that develop in girls during puberty? (5)

Answer 26

1. The ovaries and womb grow in size. 2. The breasts enlarge and hips widen. 3. Hair grows around the sex organs. 4. Productions of eggs begin. 5. The menstruation cycle begins.

Question 27

What is the Menstrual Cycle?

Answer 27

* All girls are burn with thousands of immature eggs in their ovaries. * From puberty onwards, one egg matures every month. * If this egg is fertilised, it can grow into a baby in the womb.

Question 28

What is the fertile period?

Answer 28

The **fertile period** is the time when fertilisation is most likely to take place and females can become pregnant. It is usually day 11 to 17 of the cycle.

Question 29

What happens during days 1-5 of the cycle?

Answer 29

* **Main Event:** Menstruation - lining of the womb breaks down. * **Why?** The egg from the last cycle was not fertilised, so the lining is not needed.

Question 30

What happens during days 6-13 of the cycle?

Answer 30

* **Main Event:** Blood lining of the womb repairs and builds up again. * **Why?** Getting new lining ready.

Question 31

What happens during days 14 of the cycle?

Answer 31

* **Main Event:** _Ovulation_ - an egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube. * **Why?** To make an egg available for fertilisation

Question 32

What happens during days 15-28 of the cycle?

Answer 32

**Main Event**: Egg travels down to the womb. The lining of the womb builds up more. If fertilisation doesnt occur, the lining begins to break down. **Why?** The womb is preparing in case of fertilisation.

Question 33

When is the egg released into the fallopian tube?

Answer 33

The egg is released into the fallopian tube around day 14 and can survive 12-24 hours.

Question 34

How long can sperm survive in the fallopian tube?

Answer 34

Sperm can survive in the fallopian tube for 3 days.

Question 35

What is sexual intercourse?

Answer 35

Sexual intercourse is placed into the vagina.

Question 36

What happens during sexual intercourse?

Answer 36

1. Penis is stimulated - becomes hard and erect. 2. Vagina becomes stimulated and produces fluid which moistens it. 3. Penis is placed in the vagina. 4. After further stimulation, ejaculation occurs. 5. Semen (seminal fluid and sperm) is released into the female. 6. Sperm will move up to the egg in the female reproductive system (caused by chemicals released from the egg). 7. The tail moves the sperm. 8. The egg and sperm join together together to form a zygote. This process is called fertilisation.

Question 37

What happens to the Zygote?

Answer 37

The Zygote then begins to split into more and more cells....making a ball of cells called an **embryo**.

Question 38

What happens to the embryo when it arrives at the uterus? (3)

Answer 38

1. Once the embyro arrives at the uterus, it attaches itself to to the lining of the wall. 2. Once the embryo is attached, it keeps diving and new tissue is made. 3. By 8-9 weeks, bones start to develop. It is not called a **foetus.**

Question 39

How long is preganancy?

Answer 39

About 40 weeks.

Question 40

What happens for the weeks 8-40?

Answer 40

The foetus develops until it can survive outside the mother.

Question 41

Label the womb diagram?

Answer 41

Question 42

What are the 3 stages of childbirth?

Answer 42

1. Labour 2. Delivery of the baby 3. Delivery of the placenta

Question 43

What happens during labour?

Answer 43

* Bag of amniotic fluid bursts (water breaks). * Muscles of uterux begins to contract in a pattern widening the cervix.

Question 44

What happens during delivery of the baby?

Answer 44

The babys head is pushed down out of the womb and through the vagina.

Question 45

What happens during delivery of the placenta?

Answer 45

* Umbilical cord is cut. Fits time baby breathes by itself. * Placenta comes lose from the wombs wall and passes out.

Question 46

What is contraception?

Answer 46

Contraception is a way to control how many children you have. Contraception is the prevention of fertilisation and implantation.

Question 47

Name 4 types of contraception?

Answer 47

1. Abstinence 2. Condoms 3. Contraceptive Pill 4. Natual Method