3 Flashcards
Scanner?
Uses of a Scanner
A scanner is a device used to convert physical (hard copy) documents, photos, or other images into digital formats. It
can also “read” barcodes or QR codes.
• Capturing images from paper: Scanning printed documents, book pages, or photos.
• Converting text to editable text: Using OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software.
• Reading barcodes and QR codes: Commonly used in shops and warehouses.
What is OCR Software?
How OCR Software Works
OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software is used to turn scanned images of text into editable digital text.
- Breaking Down Text: The software divides the scanned image into blocks of individual letters.
- Recognising Letters: It compares the shapes of these letters to a database of known letter shapes.
- Forming Words: The software identifies letters that form words based on the spacing between letters.
- Checking Words:
o It checks the words in a dictionary to make sure they exist. o If a word is not found, the software may:
▪ Replace it with its best guess.
▪ Highlight the word for the user to review.
Advantages of Using a Scanner
Scanners are valuable tools with many benefits. Below are some of the main advantages:
General Advantages
- Easy Conversion to Digital Format
o Scanners make it easy to turn printed documents into digital files for convenient storage. 2. Faster Text Editing with OCR
o Typed documents can be scanned as images and then converted into editable text using OCR software.
o This method is much faster and more accurate than retyping. - Preservation of Photos and Documents
o Old photos and important documents can be scanned and saved digitally, helping to preserve them
for future generations. - Environmental Benefits
o Digital storage reduces the need for paper, ink, and toner, which is more environmentally friendly.
Specific Advantages in Office Automation of a scanner
- Handling Multiple-Page Documents
o Scanners can combine multiple pages into a single digital file, such as a PDF, making it easier to
manage and share documents. 2. Saving Space
o Digital files take up no physical space, unlike bulky paper files, freeing up office storage. 3. Convenient Sharing
o Scanned documents can be emailed instantly, avoiding delays and costs associated with faxing, posting, or courier services. - Archiving Older Documents
o Important older files, like account records or payment documents, can be scanned and saved for
future reference.
POS and Database
Scanners are highly useful in systems like libraries and Point of Sale (POS) systems due to their ability to provide
quick and accurate input. Other Uses of Scanners
- E-Toll Systems
o Scanners (using photos or RFID) can read car number plates to record vehicle details. o This helps reduce queues and traffic congestion on roads. - Access Control Systems
o Scanners can read swipe cards and RFID tags to control access to buildings or areas. o Biometric scanners, like fingerprint scanners, are also used for secure identification.
Limitations of Scanners
While scanners are useful, they have some challenges:
- Image Quality
o The quality of the scanned image depends on the quality of the original document or photo.
o Dirt, fingerprints on the scanner glass, or dust on the sensor can reduce image clarity. 2. Difficulty with Certain Items
o Flatbed scanners work best for single pages, so scanning books or bulky items can be tricky. - Speed Issues
o Scanning can be slow, depending on the type of scanner and its purpose. o For example:
▪ Flatbedscannersmaytakelonger.
▪ Barcode scanners, on the other hand, are designed to save time.
Troubleshooting Scanners
If your scanner is not working correctly, try these steps to fix common issues:
- Errors in Image Size or Quality
• Check the scanning software settings:
o Make sure the resolution and file format are set correctly.
o Adjust brightness or contrast if the image looks unclear. 2. Non-Responsive Scanner
• Check the power: Ensure the scanner is switched on.
• Verify the connection:
o Make sure the scanner is plugged into the power outlet (if required).
o Confirm the USB cable is securely connected to the computer. • Inspect the lock switch:
o Some scanners have a lock switch to protect them during transportation. o Ensure the lock switch is turned off before using the scanner.
Digital Camera?
Uses of Digital Cameras?
Digital cameras allow people to easily and cost-effectively capture images and videos of things they find interesting, memorable, or beautiful. They are built into many devices, such as smartphones, drones, and tablets. While many use their smartphone cameras, professional photographers often prefer DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) cameras for better image quality.
• Capturing images (photos).
• Recording videos.
• Photographing documents as an alternative to scanners to create digital copies.
• Reading barcodes and QR codes when combined with smartphone apps.
Advantages of Digital Cameras
- Already in Digital Format
o Photos are saved digitally, so they don’t need to be scanned. - Ease of Use
o Digital cameras are simple to operate and allow instant viewing of photos. 3. Experimentation
o You can take multiple photos of the same subject without extra costs, making it easy to learn and improve photography skills. - Easy Sharing
o Photos can be shared instantly, especially when using cameras in smartphones or tablets.
o Some devices automatically upload photos to platforms like Instagram or Facebook. 5. Geo-Tagging
o If the camera has GPS (e.g., in smartphones), it can store the location (latitude and longitude) of the photo in its metadata.
Limitations of Digital Cameras
- Photo Loss
o Digital photos can be lost if storage devices are damaged or stolen. 2. Quality Variations
o The quality of photos depends on the camera:
• Point-and-shoot cameras (small and cheap) often have limited features and lower image
quality.
• DSLR cameras (high-end professional cameras) produce better images with fewer
Resolution in Image Capture Devices (Scanners and digital cameras)
- Scanners
For a scanner, the resolution is the number of dots it can scan per inch.
▪ Resolution is measured in dpi (dots per inch).
▪ 300dpi:Goodqualityforprinting.
▪ 72 dpi: Suitable for display on screens or websites. - Digital Cameras
o Resolution refers to the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in the image. Multiply the two and you get the total number of pixels. Measured in Megapixels (1 million pixels)
o Example: A 2048 x 1536 camera produces 3 million pixels (3 megapixels).
o Higher resolution = better quality, but larger file size
Factors Affecting Image Quality
- Colour Depth
o The number of bits used to represent colours.
o 32 bits provides the best colour quality. 2. Sensor Size
o Larger sensors produce better-quality images.
o DSLR cameras have larger sensors, resulting in higher-quality photos compared to point-and-shoot
cameras.
3. ISO Rating
o Determines the camera’s sensitivity to light.
o Higher ISO ratings allow better photos in low-light conditions. 4. Optical Zoom vs Digital Zoom
Optical Zoom
o Uses the camera’s lens to zoom in physically.
o Maintains high image quality without losing clarity. o Best for detailed, high-quality photos.
- Optical Zoom vs Digital Zoom
Optical Zoom
o Uses the camera’s lens to zoom in physically.
o Maintains high image quality without losing clarity. o Best for detailed, high-quality photos.
Digital Zoom
o Enlarges the image digitally by cropping and magnifying pixels. o Reduces image quality, making it blurry and pixelated.
Webcam
A webcam is a small camera designed for video communication over the internet. It is easy to use, often built into
laptops, and does not require high resolution since most video chats use low-quality video to save bandwidth.
Uses of Webcams
Webcams are commonly used for:
• Internet video communication: Video calls or chats through platforms like Zoom, Teams, or WhatsApp.
• Live feeds: Streaming events in real-time.
• Security cameras: Remotely monitoring areas when connected to a security system.
Advantages of Webcams
- Affordable: Webcams are relatively cheap to buy.
- Compact Size: They are small and easy to set up.
- Integrated into Laptops: Many laptops have built-in webcams, which are convenient to use.
- Enable Video Calls: Webcams make it possible to see and communicate with others face-to-face during calls.
Limitations of Webcams
- Low Resolution: Most webcams have poor image quality due to their low resolution.
- Dependence on Other Devices: Webcams need to be connected to a computer or another ICT device to function and cannot be used as standalone cameras.
Troubleshooting a Webcam
- Check Connections
• Ensure the webcam is plugged in properly (for external webcams).
• If the webcam has a power switch, make sure it is switched on. - Select the Correct Camera
• In your video chat or recording software, ensure the webcam is selected as the current camera.
• Check the camera settings in the app or software you are using. - Test the Webcam
• Use the webcam’s software or the operating system’s utilities to check if the webcam is functioning:
Microphone
Microphones are devices used to capture sound. Many devices, like laptops, smartphones, and tablets, have built-in microphones. External microphones can be connected through a microphone jack, USB, or even via Bluetooth.
Uses of Microphones
Microphones are commonly used for:
• Recording sound, such as instructions, interviews, or meetings.
• Communication, like VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) calls or video conferencing.
Advantages of Microphones
Advantages of Microphones
1. Recording Audio:
o Microphones allow you to record spoken communication, like instructions or interviews, which can be stored and reviewed later.
2. Voice Commands:
o They let you control devices or applications by giving verbal commands.
3. Enhanced Input:
o Microphones add sound as an extra form of input for computers or devices.
4. Sound Editing:
o You can use software to edit, analyse, or manipulate the sound captured by a microphone.
Limitations of Microphones
- Quality Issues:
o Built-in microphones often do not provide high-quality sound. 2.
Noisy Environments:
o Microphones can be difficult to use in environments with a lot of background noise.
Troubleshooting a Microphone
Troubleshooting a Microphone
If your microphone isn’t working, try the following: 1. Check Connections:
o Ensure the microphone is plugged into the correct jack (not the speaker/headphone jack). 2. Check Mute Settings:
o Make sure the microphone is not on mute in your device settings.
