3. Nervous system

Question 1

glial cells

Answer 1

support cells (maintain ideal environemnt for neurons)
- recycling/defense

Question 2

neurons

Answer 2

sensory role, processing, response generated

Question 3

inside of the cell is ___ & the outside is ___

Answer 3

a. negative
b. positive

Question 4

afferent neurons

Answer 4

incoming info

Question 5

efferent

Answer 5

response going out

Question 6

ganglion

Answer 6

group of neuron cell bodies outside of central nervous system

Question 7

autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

involuntary control (ex gut )

Question 8

somatic nervous system

Answer 8

voluntary control

Question 9

cell body

Answer 9

central part; includes the nucleus + regulatory parts of cell synthesis

Question 10

dendrites

Answer 10

recieve info, typically branched

Question 11

axolemma

Answer 11

membrane in axon

Question 12

axoplasma

Answer 12

cytoplasm in axon

Question 13

what is the most common type of neuron?

Answer 13

multipolar

Question 14

bipolar

Answer 14

two poles coming from cell body
(1 dendite, 1 axon)

Question 15

in sensory neurons the bipolar neurons are associated with what?

Answer 15

retina, olfactory, inner ear

Question 16

what are unipolar neurons associated with?

Answer 16

the rest of the senses, pain reception, tactile, heat

Question 17

anaxonic

Answer 17

neurons without axons
dendrites radiate from cell body
don’t produce action potentials
regulate electrical charge

Question 18

what are anaxonic neurons involved in?

Answer 18

circuits (functional network)

Question 19

axosomatic synapses

Answer 19

axon connects to cell body

Question 20

axodendritic synapses

Answer 20

axon connects to dendrite ; common

Question 21

axoaxonic synapses

Answer 21

axon connects to another axon; very rare

Question 22

types of glial cells (4)

Answer 22

1. oligodendrocyte
2. astrocytes
3. ependymal cells
4. microglial cells

Question 23

oligodendrocytes

Answer 23

-helps action potential travel faster
-produce myelin for sheath

Question 24

astrocytes

Answer 24

• associated w blood vessels and neuron
• radiate from cell body

Question 25

what do ependymal cells lack?

Answer 25

basement membrane

Question 26

microglial cells

Answer 26

immune surveillance, phagocytic, migrate around tissue,

Question 27

glial cells in the PNS (2)

Answer 27

1. schwann cells 2. satellite cells

Question 28

schwann cells

Answer 28

- provide a feeding like function - outside of the brain and spinal cord

Question 29

satallite cells

Answer 29

- covering layer on large neuron cell body in ganglic - trophic function

Question 30

peripheral nerves (PNS)

Answer 30

-sensory + automatic neurons

Question 31

what are peripheral nerves enclosed by?

Answer 31

schwann cells

Question 32

how does myelination work?

Answer 32

1) schwann cell starts to wrap around a portion of an axon 2) schwann cell cytoplasm and plasma membrane begin to form consecutive layers around axon 3) overlapping inner layers of the schwann cell plasma membrane form the myelin sheath 4) schwann cell cytoplasm and nucleus are pushed to the periphery of the cell as the myelin sheath if formed

Question 33

what do nodes of ranvier do in terms of the action potential?

Answer 33

increase the velocity

Question 34

endoneurium

Answer 34

supports axon

Question 35

perineurium

Answer 35

blood- nerve barrier

Question 36

epineurium

Answer 36

outer layer of the axon, collagen for strength

Question 37

what do ganglia lack?

Answer 37

blood nerve barrier

Question 38

Which of the following statements about astrocytes is incorrect? A) Can be identified by GFAP staining using immunohistochemistry. B)Have radiating processes extending from the cell body. C) Important glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. D)None. All of these statements are correct. E) Important component of the blood brain barrier (BBB).

Answer 38

C) Important glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 39

Neuropil (Np) is composed of connective tissue in the central nervous system T/F

Answer 39

false

Question 40

Which two cell types myelinate nerves in the peripheral (PNS) and central (CNS) nervous systems?

Answer 40

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, respectively