3. Shoulder & Pectoral

Question 1

how do you know if you are looking at the scapula from a lateral view?

What does this fossa articulate with?

how do you know if you are looking at the posterior view of the scapula?

if you can’t see the spine of the scapula, what view are you looking at?

Answer 1

you can see the glenoid fossa which always faces laterally to articulate with the head of the humerus in order to form the shoulder

you can see the spine (and a good view of the acromion process)

if you can’t see spine-the anterior view

Question 2

how do you differentiate the greater tubercle vs the lesser tubercle

the head of the humerus faces which direction? and articulates with what?

Answer 2

when facing anterior view, the greater tubercle is lateral to the lesser tubercle

when facing posterior view: they cannot be seen

medially; the glenoid fossa

Question 3

differentiate the location of the anatomical neck vs the surgical neck

surgical neck is frequent site for what? if there is a break there, what else may get injured?

Answer 3

the anatomical neck is where the head is on the medial side; the surgical neck is under the lesser tubercle, coming off the intertubercular groove

frequent site for fractures, location of axillary nerve and posterior humerus circumflex artery

Question 4

location of radial fossa vs coronoid/ulnar fossa?

Answer 4

from an anterior view, the radial fossa is lateral to the ulnar/coronoid fossa

the trochlea dips down and this is an indication of the medial side

also: the coronoid fossa is on the same “side as the coracoid process.

Question 5

what are the articular surfaces for the humerus

Answer 5

trochlea and capitulum

Question 6

what are the bones of the shoulder girdle/acromioclavicular jt

what are the joints of the shoulder girdle?

what are the muscles of the shoulder girdle

what are the ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 6

bones are: clavicle, scapula, sternum

sternoclavicular joint (SC), acromioclavicular jt (AC) ...they're both clavicular
axial to appendicular

• AC ligament at the AC joint
• conoid ligament and the trapezoid ligament which make the coracoclavicular ligament

Question 7

why is the scapulothoracic joint a funcitonal joint?

what are the characteristics of the scapulothoracic joint

Answer 7

it has no bony articulations; also between muscular surfaces

• functional
• orients glenoid
• maximizes congruity
• no bony surfaces
• no fibrous cartilage and connective tissues

Question 8

glenohumeral/shoulder jt joint: bones? muscles? ligaments? what class of joint is this? describe the plane movements

Answer 8

glenohumeral
bones:
humerus and scapula (glenoid fossa)

muscles:
appendicular to appendicular *

ligaments:
glenohumeral ligg
coracoacromial ligg
coracoclavicular ligg

this is a triaxial joint which is the most movable class

• horizontal plane: flex/ext; rotation internal and external around longitudinal axis of humerus
• frontal plane: abduction/ adduction
• sagittal plane: flexion/extension
  circumduction: frontal and sagittal plane

Question 9

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

what are the attachments

function?

prevalence of injuries?

Answer 9

SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis 

function: maintain glenohumeral joint stability
attachments:
origin: arises from the scapula
insertion: distal attachment: to the head of humerus

34% incidence rate
f increases w/ age and may be present in the opposite shoulder even if no pain

Question 10

what are scapulohumeral muscles

Answer 10

rotator cuff mm + deltoid and trees major

Question 11

options for breast implant locations

Answer 11

• subfascial: deep to fascia
• subglandular: within fascia
• subpectoral: deep to pectoralis major

Question 12

function, innervation, and blood supply
 of 
pectorals major
serratus anterior
subclavius
pectoralis minor

Answer 12

pectoralis major: 
shoulder adduction
medial rotation
med and lat pecc nn
perforating br of thoracoacromial a
perforating bb internal thoracic a

serratus anterior:
abducts scapula
stabilizes scapula
lateral thoracic a
long thoracic n

sublavius
stabilizes S-C jt
n to subclavius
clavicular br of thoracoacromial a

pectoralis minor
abducts/depresses
stabilizes
med/lat pest nn
thoracoacromial a 
lat thoracic a (2 blood supplies)

Question 13

medial border of scapula muscle attachments

Answer 13

muscle attachment for intermediate layer of back muscles:

rhomboid major and minor
serratus anterior

Question 14

superior angle of scapula muscle attachments

Answer 14

attachment for levator scapulae

Question 15

inferior angle of the scapula muscle attachments

Answer 15

often has slip of origin of the latissimus dorsi

Question 16

which muscles innervated by axillary nerve?

Answer 16

deltoid (also posterior hum circum) and teres minor

Question 17

what does the profunda brachial artery supply blood to

Answer 17

triceps brachii

Question 18

what ligament reinforces the glenohumeral joint superiorly?

Answer 18

coracoacromial ligament