30.3 and 30.4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 30.3 and 30.4 Deck (20)
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1
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces

2
Q

chemical digestion

A

process by which enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use

3
Q

amylase

A

enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches

4
Q

esophagus

A

tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

5
Q

peristalsis

A

contractions of smooth muscles that provide the force that moves food through the esophagus towards the stomach

6
Q

stomach

A

large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

7
Q

pepsin

A

enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptide fragments

8
Q

chyme

A

mixture of enzymes and partially-digested food

9
Q

small intestine

A

digestive organ in which most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

10
Q

villus

A

fingerlike projection in the small intestine that aid in the absorption of nutrient molecules

11
Q

large intestine

A

organ in the digestive system that removes water from the undigested material that passes through it; also called colon

12
Q

excretion

A

process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated from the body

13
Q

ureter

A

tube that carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder

14
Q

urethra

A

tube through which urine leaves the body

15
Q

nephron

A

blood-filtering structure in the kidneys in which impurities are filtered out, wastes are collected, and purified blood is returned to the circulation

16
Q

filtration

A

process of passing a liquid or gas through a filter to remove wastes

17
Q

glomerulus

A

small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of the nephron; where filtration of the blood takes place

18
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

cuplike structure that encases the glomerulus; collects filtrate from the blood

19
Q

reabsorption

A

process by which water and dissolved substances are taken back into the blood

20
Q

loop of Henle

A

section of the nephron tubule that is responsible for conserving water and minimizing the volume of the filtrate