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Flashcards in 305_exam4_urine Deck (32)
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1
Q

Palpate Bladder

A

You can only palpate the bladder if it is full

2
Q

Specific Gravity of Urine

A

Between 1.010 and 1.025, indicator of urine concentrations, use a reagent strip

3
Q

Accute Renal Failure

A

An acute rise in the serum creatinine levels of 25% or more. May be caused by inadequate blood flow to the kidney, injury to the kidney glomeruli or tubules, or obstruction to kidney outflow

4
Q

Anuria

A

Absense of urine, associated with kidney failure or congestive heart faiulre. Less than 100 mL in 24 hours.

5
Q

Dysuria

A

Pain or difficult urination. Infection or obstruction

6
Q

End-stage Renal disease

A

A chronic rise in creatinine levels associated with loss of kidney function.

7
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary loss of urine

8
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in urine

9
Q

Micturition

A

To start the stream of urine, to urinate

10
Q

Nephropathy

A

Disease of the kidney

11
Q

Nephrotoxic

A

A substance that damages the kidney tissue. I.e. Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, NSAIDs (asprin, ibuprophen), lead

12
Q

Nocturia

A

Frequent urination after going to bed

13
Q

Nocturnal Enuresis

A

Involuntary loss of urine while asleep

14
Q

Oliguria

A

Urine output of less than 400 mL in 24 hrs

15
Q

Pessary

A

An incontinence device that is inserted into the vagina to reduce organ prolapse or pressure on the bladder

16
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive Urination, excessive hydration, DM, Kidney disease

17
Q

Proteinuria

A

protein in the urine. Maybe a sign of infection or kidney disease

18
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus in the urine. Caused by lesions or infection of UT

19
Q

Major Parts of Urinary System

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder, urethra

20
Q

Kidney function

A

Primary functions: The kidneys filter metabolic wastes, toxins, excess ions, and water from the bloodstream and excrete them as urine. The kidneys also help to regulate blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and acid–base balance by selectively reabsorbing water and other substances. Secondary functions: Produce erythropoietin, Secrete the enzyme rennin, Activate vitamin D3(calcitrol)

21
Q

How is Urine Formed

A

Urine is formed in the nephrons. The renal arteries bring blood to the kidneys and into the glomeruli. Blood pressure forces plasma, dissolved substances, and small proteins out of the porous glomeruli into the Bowman’s capsule to form a liquid called filtrate. The filtrate moves from Bowman’s capsule into the tubular network of the nephrons, where 99% of the fluid is reabsorbed. About 1% of filtrate returns, as urine, to the collecting tubule, which transports it into the ureters.

22
Q

What quantity of urine in the bladder will stimulate the urge to void?

A

Approximately 200 to 450 mL of urine in adults

23
Q

Determine hydration

A

Methods for determining whether hydration is adequate and urination is normal include the following: The person voids 1,500 mL in a 24-hour period in five to six voids. An infant has 8 to 10 wet diapers per day. For most adults, pale to clear urine indicates adequate hydration.

24
Q

What types of medications are associated with urinary retention?

A

Medications with anticholinergic effects may lead to urinary retention.

25
Q

Kidneys produce how much urine per hour

A

60 mL / hour

26
Q

Stress Incontinence

A

involuntary loss of urine with increased intr-abdominal pressure (sneeze, cough)

27
Q

Transient Incontinence

A

Short-term incontinence that is expected to resolve immediiately

28
Q

Overflow incontinence

A

Loss of urine when bladder becomes distended; fecal impaction, enlarged prostate, Neuro conditions

29
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

involuntary loss of urine associated with a strong urge to void

30
Q

Cystitis

A

infection of the bladder

31
Q

Renal Calculi

A

Kidney stones - hematuria

32
Q

Urine output for baby

A

15 to 60 mL /kg/day Normal 8 lb baby = 180 mL