3.1.2 Stomach

Question 1

What is the stomach?

Answer 1

A muscular bag forming the widest and most distensible part of the digestive tube

Question 2

Name the openings/orifices of the stomach

Answer 2

1. Cardial orifice

2. Pyloric orifice

Question 3

Name the curvatures of the stomach

Answer 3

1. Lesser curvature

2. Greater curvature

Question 4

Name the surfaces of the stomach

Answer 4

1. Anterior surface

2. Posterior surface

Question 5

What are the parts of the stomach - top to bottom?

Answer 5

Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Duodenum

Question 6

What is the pyloric sphincter? What is its function?

Answer 6

Thickening of the circular layer of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach & the duodenum of the small intestine; acts as a valve to control flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine

Question 7

Is the greater curvature of the stomach on the superior or inferior surface?

Answer 7

Inferior

Question 8

Is the lesser curvature of the stomach on the superior or inferior surface?

Answer 8

Superior

Question 9

What does the cardial orifice connect the stomach to?

Answer 9

The oesophagus

Question 10

What does the pyloric orifice connect the stomach to?

Answer 10

The duodenum

Question 11

What is the stomach suspended between?

Answer 11

2 other abdominal organs; liver & transverse colon

Question 12

What does the lesser omentum extend between?

Answer 12

Lesser curvature to the liver

Question 13

What does the greater omentum extend between?

Answer 13

Greater curvature to the transverse colon

Question 14

What are the gastric folds/rugae formed from?

Answer 14

Gastric mucosa

Question 15

What is the function of the gastric folds (rugae)?

Answer 15

To provide the stomach with an increased surface area, so it can increase in volume (stretch) with increased pressure - e.g. after eating a meal

Question 16

In which portions of the stomach are the rugae most apparent?

Answer 16

Pyloric antrum (pylorus)
Greater curvature

Question 17

Which structures form the stomach bed?

Answer 17

1. Left dome of diaphragm
2. Left kidney
3. Spleen
4. Left suprarenal gland
5. Splenic artery
6. Transverse colon/mesocolon
7. Pancreas

Question 18

What artery comes off the abdominal aorta to supply the stomach?

Answer 18

Celiac trunk - this then divides into

Question 19

What artery supplies the inferior part of the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 19

Right gastro-omental artery; comes from gastro-duodenal artery which comes from common hepatic artery; goes on to anastomose with left gastro-omental artery

Question 20

What artery supplies the superior part of the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 20

Left gastro-omental artery; comes from splenic artery

Question 21

What arteries supply the fundus and upper body of the stomach?

Answer 21

Short gastric arteries & posterior gastric artery; come from splenic artery

Question 22

What artery supplies the inferior part of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 22

Right gastric artery; comes from hepatic artery, a branch of the common hepatic artery

Question 23

What artery supplies the superior part of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 23

Left gastric artery; comes directly from the celiac trunk (anastomoses with right gastric artery)

Question 24

Where does the splenic artery run?

Answer 24

Along the posterior surface of the stomach

Question 25

Where does the gastroduodenal artery run?

Answer 25

Posterior to the pyloric canal

Question 26

What does the gastroduodenal artery bifurcate to form?

Answer 26

1. Right gastro-omental artery | 2. Superior pancreato-duodenal artery

Question 27

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 27

1. Proper hepatic artery - runs up towards liver | 2. Gatroduodenal artery

Question 28

What is the venous drainage of the stomach via?

Answer 28

Hepatic portal system

Question 29

What 3 veins form the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 29

- Splenic vein - Superior mesenteric vein - Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 30

Which 2 veins fuse posterior to the body of the stomach?

Answer 30

Splenic vein & inferior mesenteric vein

Question 31

Which Vein fuses with the (combination of the) Splenic Vein and the Inferior Mesenteric Vein, to form the Hepatic Portal Vein?

Answer 31

The Superior Mesenteric Vein

Question 32

Where is the hepatic portal vein formed?

Answer 32

Posterior to the pyloric sphincter

Question 33

What is significant about the relationship between the arteries and veins of stomach?

Answer 33

They run alongside one another; artery will run alongside vein of the same name

Question 34

Where do the left and right gastric veins drain into?

Answer 34

The hepatic portal vein

Question 35

Where do the short gastric vein, left and right gastro-omental veins ultimately drain?

Answer 35

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 36

What are the 4 groups of Lymph Nodes which drain the Stomach?

Answer 36

1. The Gastric Lymph Nodes 2. The Pancreatosplenic Lymph Nodes 3. The Gastro-Omental Lymph Nodes 4. The Pyloric Lymph Nodes

Question 37

Where do the gastric lymph nodes lie?

Answer 37

On the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 38

Where do the pancreatosplenic lymph nodes lie?

Answer 38

On the posterior wall of the stomach

Question 39

Where do the gastro-omental lymph nodes lie?

Answer 39

On the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 40

Where do the pyloric lymph nodes lie?

Answer 40

Over the pyloric canal/sphincter

Question 41

What parasympathetic nerve is key in controlling gastric motility?

Answer 41

Vagus nerve

Question 42

What is the effect of the vagus nerve on the pylorus?

Answer 42

Increased frequency of opening

Question 43

What is the effect of the vagus nerve on gastric secretion?

Answer 43

Increased

Question 44

What sympathetic nerve controls the stomach?

Answer 44

Greater splanchnic nerve

Question 45

What is the effect of the greater splanchnic nerve on the stomach?

Answer 45

Decreased activity