3.2 Static Electricity Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the difference between static and dynamic electricity?
Static electricity refers to a build-up of electrical charge on the surface of an object, while dynamic electricity involves the flow of current.
Static electricity occurs when electrons are at rest, whereas dynamic electricity occurs when electrons are in motion.
What causes static electricity?
Static electricity is usually caused by the rubbing of non-conductive materials such as rubber, plastic, or glass, leading to a transfer of electrons and an imbalance of charges.
What is triboelectricity?
Triboelectricity is the electrostatic phenomenon that occurs when certain materials are rubbed together, causing a transfer of charges.
How can one demonstrate static electricity?
Rub a plastic ruler with a dry cloth and bring it close to small pieces of paper. The paper will stick to the ruler due to the charge created by rubbing.
This process is called electrification.
What happens when a balloon is rubbed and then brought near a wall?
The negatively charged balloon creates a positive image on the wall, resulting in an attractive force that causes the balloon to stick to the wall.
What is Coulomb’s law?
Coulomb’s law states that like charges repel and opposite charges attract with a force proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
What is a coulomb?
A coulomb (C) is the SI derived unit of electrical charge, equivalent to the charge carried by one ampere in one second.
How can a metal bar be charged by induction?
When a positively charged rod is brought near an uncharged metal bar, electrons in the bar are attracted to the end nearest the rod, creating a deficiency of electrons at the opposite end.
What is an electrostatic field?
An electrostatic field exists around a charged body and is represented by lines indicating the direction and intensity of the electric field of force.
How is charge distributed on a metal disk?
The charge on a metal disk is spread evenly over its entire surface due to uniform resistance and mutual repulsion of electrons.
What is electrostatic discharge (ESD)?
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects, which can damage sensitive electronic components.
What are the three types of materials based on their ability to conduct electricity?
The three types of materials are conductors (e.g., metals), insulators (e.g., rubber), and semiconductors (e.g., silicon).
What is superconductivity?
Superconductivity is the phenomenon where certain materials lose all their electrical resistance at temperatures near absolute zero.
What is the phenomenon that occurs at temperatures near absolute zero?
This phenomenon is called Superconductivity.
Which solids conduct electricity freely at room temperature?
The only solids that conduct electricity freely at room temperature are metals and graphite.
What are non-conductors of electricity?
Nearly all other solids, such as non-metal elements, solid ionic and covalent compounds, are non-conductors of electricity.
What is the Valence band?
The Valence band is the highest energy band of any atom occupied by electrons.
How do electrons move in metals?
Electrons move freely between atoms within the structure of the metal, though in a random way.
What happens to electron flow under an electric field?
Under the influence of an electric field, the flow is in one direction only, creating a current carried entirely by electron motion.
Which liquid elements conduct electricity?
The only liquid elements that conduct electricity are liquid metals, such as mercury.
What are pure covalent liquids?
Pure covalent liquids, such as water, alcohol, propane, and hexane, are non-conductors of electricity.
What is an Electrolyte?
A liquid that allows current flow is called an Electrolyte.
How does water conduct electricity?
Everyday water contains contaminants that create ions, allowing electricity to flow.
What happens to gases under an electric field?
Gases act as insulators but can become conductive and form plasma when an electric field is applied.
