Biochem - nutrition Flashcards
Vitamins stored in the liver
Folate and B12
Night blindness, dry/scaly skin, corneal degradation
Vit. A deficiency
Used to treat measles and AML subtype M3
Vitamin A
impaired glucose breakdown affects highly aerobic tissues first (brain, heart)
Thiamine (B1) deficiency
used in alpha-keotglutarate dehydrogenase, transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase
Cheliosis (inflammation of lips, scaling of ends of mouth), corneal vascularization
Riboflavin (B2) deficiency
Used as cofactor in redox reactions
Riboflavin is a component of FAD and FMN
Glossitis, pellagra (dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea)
Niacin (B3) deficiency
constituent of NAD/NADP
lowers levels of VLDL and raises HDL (take aspirin to prevent flushing)
Component of coenzymeA (CoA) and fatty acid synthase
Pantothenic acid (B5)
Consulsions, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia (decr. Hgb synth/iron excess)
Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency
used in synthesis of neurotransmitters, heme, niacin, histamine, cystathione
Vitamin deficiency caused by excessive ingestion of eggs or antibiotic use
Biotin (B7)
Caused by avidin
used as a cofactor in carboxylation reactions
Megaloblastic anemia w/o neuro symptoms, incr. homocysteine w/ normal MMA levels
Folate (B9) deficiency
seen in alcoholism/pregnancy
Megaloblastic anemia w/ neuro symptoms (parasthesias, subacute combined degeneration), incr. homocysteine and incr. MMA levels
Cobalamin (B12) deficiency
seen in alcoholism
Corkscrew hair, swellen gums, bruising, petechiae
Vit. C deficiency
decr. hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis (rough ER)
Hemolytic anemia, acantholysis, muscle weakness, posterior column/ST tract demyelination
Vitamin E deficiency
Delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decr. adult hair
Zinc deficiency
