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Flashcards in 3rd Exam Deck (68)
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1
Q

Qin dynasty

A

unite China 246 B.C
adopts legalism
transition- the mandate of Heaven

2
Q

Han Dynasty

A

actively avoid Qin policies
Wudi (141-87 B.C)
martial emperor

3
Q

Han Dynasty

Salt and Iron Debate

A

Legalists vs Confucians regarding state’s role in the economy

4
Q

Confucianism in Han bureaucracy

A

Legalist structure
mandate of heaven
ethical cultivation
government by virtuous men

5
Q

Han Court Officials

A

most powerful after emperor

frequently moved

6
Q

empress Dowager

A

wife whose child was heir to the throne

Empress Lu- murdered a rival and then her son when he came of age; made her younger son the new heir

7
Q

Court Eunuchs

A

came from low status
castrated as boys and assigned to emperors harem
close relations with emperor

8
Q

Wang Mang

A

9-23
interruption of Han rule
abolished private slavery and made loans to poor peasants.

9
Q

Later Han dynasty

A

period of expansion

ends in 220 C.E

10
Q

China divided into 3 kingdoms

A

Tale of the 3 kingdoms

11
Q

Confucianism han

A
Dong Zhongshu
Confucian scholar (if emperor in accordance with heaven, all went well, if not heaven would send warning sign) 
Yin and yang: all nature was a single, interrelated system, reflecting the workings of the yang and yin and the 5 elements.
12
Q

Han historian

THE HISTORIAL RECORDS

A

Sima Qian
first to use actual documents and firsthand accounts of events
wrote a history of the known world from ancient times down to the emperor Wudi

13
Q

Neo-Daoism

Nirvana:

A

influenced by Buddhism
concerned with immortality (sought in dietary restrictions, yoga and sexual abstinence)
wewui

14
Q

Seven Sages of Bamboo grove

A

devoted themselves to playing the lute, drinking wine and discussing poetry and philosophy

15
Q

The Spread of Buddhism Han

A

entered in 1st century
-seen as a Daoist sect
Nirvana became wewui (not doing).

16
Q

Sui dynasty

A
sui wendi 581-604
construction if Grand Canal
short lived
history repeats - sui--- tang
Qin--Han
17
Q

Tang dynasty

A

-bureaucracy dominated by aristocrats
chang’an
equal field system (land distribution to peasants)

18
Q

chang’an

A

capital of tang
grid pattern with 4 quadrants
palace and government offices located to the north
largest city in 750. pop of 1 million

19
Q

Tang woman emperor

A

690-705
Wu Zhao
strong supporter of Buddhism
supported scholars of North gate (passed examination test) didn’t support aristocrats.

20
Q

Xuan Zong

A

712-750
period of culture brilliance
infatuated with a woman

21
Q

tributary states

A

spread of Tang culture

example of Silla in Koriea

22
Q

Decline of Tang dynasty

A

confrontation with Muslim armies

23
Q

Battle of Talas River

A

751.

Tang army defeated by Arabs

24
Q

An Lushan Rebellion

A

755, capture go chang’an by An Lushan general

25
Q

Tang culture

A

cosmopolitan
active trade with foreign people (Silk Road)
painting -emphasis on landscapes
poetry-secular

26
Q

The Silk Road

A

fill up

27
Q

tang poetry

A
LiBo (701-762)
Daoist leanings
beauty and fantastical
drowned
-DuFu (712-770)
failed exam, government job
compassion for sufering
28
Q

Tang Buddhism

A

actively promoted by most emperors

Tiantai sect: strongly ideological

29
Q

Song Dynasty

A
reunited china in 960
situation of peasants improves
-agricultural revolution
-end of equal field system
-bureaucracy made up commoners
-south becoming more important
30
Q

agricultural revolution Tang

A

technologically driven

31
Q

end of equal system

A

peasants can purchase land

32
Q

Scholarly gentry class

A

one person in the family passed examination.

growing importance of the examination system

33
Q

technological advancements Tang

A

printing press
gunpowder
porcelain

34
Q

Song culture

A

secular

growing demand for luxury good (trade in luxury goods with other parts of Asia)

35
Q

Song poetry

A

Su Dungpo 1037-1101
painter and calligrapher
forced into exile

36
Q

Neo-Confucianism

A

anti-Daosit
Zhu Xi 1130-1200
Li: great ultimate, a part of all things in the universe
zen like meditation “quiet sitting”

37
Q

The mongols

A

nomads
Genghis Khan born 1167. unites the mongols
Kublai Khan

38
Q

Kubai Khan

A

1215-1294
conquest of China
initiates yuan dynasty

39
Q

Beijing

A

new capital
ethnic classification
souther China becomes more insular

40
Q

Islam

A

Islam rose in the area we call the Middle East, the natural crossroads between Europe, Africa and Asia

41
Q

The 5 pillars

A
shahada – witness
sallat – prayer
zakat – charity
sawm – fasting
hajj – pilgrimage
42
Q

Jihad

A

the struggle against oneself and sin

43
Q

Jihad’s different types

A
  • Jihad-e-Akbar : r self-reformation.

- Jihad-e-Kabir : of propagation of the truth, the message of Qur’an.

44
Q

Muhammad

A

At the time of Muhammad, the Middle East was sandwiched between two great empires—the Persian Empire and the Byzantine Empire.
born in Mecca in 570.

45
Q

foundational texts

A

The Qur’an and the Hadith

46
Q

Mecca

A

The area between the two empires was often contested between the Romans and Persians.

47
Q

The Ka’aba

A

cube-shaped structure of unknown antiquity.

48
Q

dominant clan in Mecca

A

The Umayyad clan

49
Q

Medina (Yathrib)

A

In 620, Muhammad was visited by some Arabs from the nearby oasis town of Yathrib

50
Q

the Hijrah

A

the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina
622

51
Q

the umma

A

the community of believers

52
Q

Muhammad’s death

A

632

53
Q

caliphs

A

“successor” to the Prophet

54
Q

first caliph

A

Abu Bakr

friend of Muha

55
Q

Uthman

A

member of Umayyad clan

strongly opposed – assassinated

56
Q

‘Ali ibn Abi Talib

A

married to Muhammad’s daughter Fatima

57
Q

Battle of Siffin

A

Mu’awiyya against Ali. Ali was assassinated by one of his supporters who had turned against him for accepting a negotiated settlement with Mu’awiyah.
657

58
Q

the two major Caliphates

A

Umayyad Caliphate

Abbasid Caliphate

59
Q

Umayyad Caliphate

A

capital at Damascus

opposition to Umayyad centers around descendents of ‘Ali

60
Q

Abbasid Caliphate

A

gain support by claiming descent from Muhammad

new capital – Baghdad

61
Q

Shi’ites disappointed

A

actually descended from Muhammad’s uncle al-Abbas)

62
Q

Harun ar-Rashid

A

A Thousand and One Arabian Nights

watermark of Abbasid rule was under Harun ar-Rashid, the fourth ‘Abbasid caliph
Baghdad flourished

63
Q

Shi’ism

A

‘Ali the only rightful successor to Muhammad

Husayn – ‘Ali’s son

64
Q

Battle of Karbala

A

fought in 680, Husayn and his small band of warriors were defeated and destroyed by an overwhelming Umayyad force.

65
Q

the Imamate

A

majority are Twelvers
hidden Imam

Husayn would later come to constitute an important figure for Shi’ites.

They would come to regard him as an imam (a leadership title with a religious connotation) and a martyr

66
Q

Sunnism

A

felt the leadership of the umma should go to someone more a matter of consensus.
the largest denomination in Islam.
the house of the sunnah (practice) of the Prophet.

67
Q

Hadith –

A

based on the practice of the Prophet.
a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims

68
Q

Sunna

A

daily practice