order microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules from smallest to largest
- microfilaments
- intermediate filaments
- microtubules
lamins, keratin, neurofilamin, vimentin, desmin, and GFAP are all examples of what?
intermediate filament subunits
actin is a subunit of what
microfilament
tubulin is a subunit of what?
microtubules
organelle transport is dependent on what filament?
microtubules
which direction do kinesins move things?
orthograde (away from the nucleus)
which direction do dyneins move things?
retrogradetoward the nucleus
what forms the mitotic spindle apparatus?
microtubules
what are axonemes? what is the array?
- specialized microtubule structures
- 9 + 2 array
cilia and flagellar movement is dependent on what filament?
microtubule
what are the role of basal bodies?
they are a microtubule structure that anchors axonemes - in particular, cilia
what is the motor for many MT functions?
dynein arms
what is the mechanism of taxol?
binds and stabilizes microtubules
what is the mechanism of colchicine and colcemid?
binds subunits and prevents their depolymerization
what is the mechnism of vinblastin and vincristine?
binds subunits and prevents their polymerization
what are the fundamental units of stress fibers?
actin
what is the significance of stress fibers?
other the fact that the function was proposed at TUSM, they are found in endothelial cells lining large arteries to help support shear forces
what are three forms of actin?
beta, alpha, and nuclei
what is the function of beta actin?
helps cells move as it is localized to the migrating front
what filament is fundamental to cytokinesis?
actin
phagocytosis is mediated by what filament?
actin
leprosy, toxoplasmosis, and leischamniasis take advantage of what cellular process to infect the host?
phagocytosis
microvili are composed of what filament?
actin
what is the “dark side of actin”
it can be attacked by bacteria and viruses
how does listeria and vaccinia spread from cell to cell?
they hijack the actin microfilament assembly system
in general what is hereditary spherocytosis caused by?
defective membrane-cytoskeleton interactions
what is the basic structure of intermediate filaments?
twisted rope
desmosomes are a specialized (blank) structure?
intermediate filament
hemidesmosomes are composed of what type of filament? what is their function?
- intermediate filament
- anchors skin cells to the basal lamina